Le rôle de l’économie numérique dans le développement de l’économie chinoise

Après des années d’essor,l’économie numérique chinoise est devenue l’une des forces économiques dominantes.Dans ce contexte,la Chine a fait de l’économie numérique un élément essentiel de sa stratégie nationale de développement,en élabo­rant une feuille de route détaillée et en lançant des mesures incitatives pour renforcer le secteur.

中国北京地区的多孔菌(英文)

本文报道产于中国北方北京地区的非褶菌目孔状真菌72种,并列出了每种的寄主。其中大部分种类为该地区首次报道。王氏薄孔菌为一新种,它的主要特征为子实体平伏反转,孔口表面奶油色至浅黄色,担孢子圆柱型并略弯曲,生长在李属树木上。该新种与垫状薄孔菌相似,但后者孢子较宽且是完全平伏的种类。

Brugada综合征患者室性心律失常诱发及其与临床电生理关系

目的 测定Brugada综合征患者持续性室性心律失常诱发及与其他临床电生理因素的关系。方法 连续观测 5 1例Brugada综合征患者 (包括无症状性 2 2例 ) ,各例有Brugada综合征静息或钠通道阻滞剂揭示的ECG征象。测定各项临床电生理数据 ,并对右心室作程序刺激。结果 18例(35 .3% )诱发持续室性心动过速 /心室颤动 (VT/VF) (诱发组 )其H V间期 [(5 6 .5± 10 .7ms) ]明显大于未诱发组 [(48.9± 6 .8ms) ,33例 ,P =0 .0 1];H V间期 >5 5ms患者诱发组中 5例 (2 7.8% ) ,未诱发组中3例 (9.1% ,P =0 .0 9) ;钠通道阻滞剂注射后诱发组H V间期 (6 9.9± 11.2ms)显著大于未诱发组 (6 1.7± 10 .4ms ,P =0 .0 3)。多元Logistic回归分析提示 ,持续VT/VF诱发与H V间期密切相关 (β系数 =0 .10± 0 .0 4 ,Odds比 =1.11,95 %CI =1.0 6～ 1.16 ,P =0 .0 1)。结论 1/ 3以上Brugada综合征患者 (包括无症状者 )可诱发恶性室性心律失常 ,H V间期延长 ,则可能诱发室性心律失常。

置入式心脏复律除颤器治疗Brugada综合征

目的 对Brugada综合征患者置入治疗性或预防性置入式心脏复律除颤器 (ICD)并评价 1个月临床随访结果。方法 2 1例Brugada综合征 (症状性 9例、无症状性 12例 )于全麻下常规方法置入ICD。每例有Brugada综合征心电图 (ECG)典型改变或钠通道阻滞剂揭示的ECG改变。排除了结构性心脏病并作心脏电生理检查。无症状患者中自发或诱发室性心律失常 8例 ,仅有阳性家族史 4例。结果 置入单腔ICD(VVI) 16台 ,双腔ICD(DDD或DDDR) 5台 (患者伴窦房结功能异常和 或房室传导障碍 )。术中电极除颤器电生理参数符合常规 ,术后无并发症。 1个月后再入院ICD电生理参数检查未改变 ,除颤器内记录无室速和 (或 )室颤触发的拮抗心动过速起搏或电复律、电除颤发生。结论 Brugada综合征患者可安全成功置入ICD ,初期 (1个月 )随访ICD工作良好。

面向教育大数据情感分类的多方面情感注意力模型

针对高校课程评价方法效率较低、工作量较大等问题,文中提出多方面情感注意力模型(Multi-ASAM).使用神经网络将句子分别与句中的各个方面进行嵌入,加入情感资源注意力,在考虑方面间的关系对于情感极性影响的同时,考虑情感资源对于情感极性的贡献,从而取得更好的分类效果.实验表明,在教育领域和其它领域的应用中Multi-ASAM性能有部分提升.

Review:DNA-damage response network at the crossroads of cell-cycle checkpoints, cellular senescence and apoptosis

Tissue homeostasis requires a carefully-orchestrated balance between cell proliferation, cellular senescence and cell death. Cells proliferate through a cell cycle that is tightly regulated by cyclin-dependent kinase activities. Cellular senescence is a safeguard program limiting the proliferative competence of cells in living organisms. Apoptosis eliminates unwanted cells by the coordinated activity of gene products that regulate and effect cell death. The intimate link between the cell cycle, cellular senes- cence, apoptosis regulation, cancer development and tumor responses to cancer treatment has become eminently apparent. Extensive research on tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, the cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory genes has revealed how the DNA damage-sensing and -signaling pathways, referred to as the DNA-damage response network, are tied to cell proliferation, cell-cycle arrest, cellular senescence and apoptosis. DNA-damage responses are complex, involving “sensor” proteins that sense the damage, and transmit signals to “transducer” proteins, which, in turn, convey the signals to numerous “effector” proteins implicated in specific cellular pathways, including DNA repair mechanisms, cell-cycle checkpoints, cellular senescence and apoptosis. The Bcl-2 family of proteins stands among the most crucial regulators of apoptosis and performs vital functions in deciding whether a cell will live or die after cancer chemotherapy and irradiation. In addition, several studies have now revealed that members of the Bcl-2 family also interface with the cell cycle, DNA repair/recombination and cellular senescence, effects that are generally distinct from their function in apoptosis. In this review, we report progress in understanding the molecular networks that regulate cell-cycle checkpoints, cellular senescence and apoptosis after DNA damage, and discuss the influence of some Bcl-2 family members on cell-cycle checkpoint regulation.

Antioxidant therapy in male infertility： fact or fiction？

Infertile men have higher levels of semen reactive oxygen species （ROS） than do fertile men. High levels of semen ROS can cause sperm dysfunction, sperm DNA damage and reduced male reproductive potential. This observation has led clinicians to treat infertile men with antioxidant supplements. The purpose of this article is to discuss the rationale for antioxidant therapy in infertile men and to evaluate the data on the efficacy of dietary and in vitro antioxidant preparations on sperm function and DNA damage. To date, most clinical studies suggest that dietary antioxidant supplements are beneficial in terms of improving sperm function and DNA integrity. However, the exact mechanism of action of dietary antioxidants and the optimal dietary supplement have not been established. Moreover, most of the clinical studies are small and few have evaluated pregnancy rates. A beneficial effect of in vitro antioxidant supplements in protecting spermatozoa from exogenous oxidants has been demonstrated in most studies; however, the effect of these antioxidants in protecting sperm from endogenous ROS, gentle sperm processing and cryopreservation has not been established conclusively.

Review:Proteomic technology for biomarker profiling in cancer: an update

The progress in the understanding of cancer progression and early detection has been slow and frustrating due to the complex multifactorial nature and heterogeneity of the cancer syndrome. To date, no effective treatment is available for advanced cancers, which remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Clearly, there is urgent need to unravel novel biomarkers for early detection. Most of the functional information of the cancer-associated genes resides in the proteome. The later is an exceptionally complex biological system involving several proteins that function through posttranslational modifications and dynamic inter-molecular collisions with partners. These protein complexes can be regulated by signals emanating from cancer cells, their sur-rounding tissue microenvironment, and/or from the host. Some proteins are secreted and/or cleaved into the extracellular milieu and may represent valuable serum biomarkers for diagnosis purpose. It is estimated that the cancer proteome may include over 1.5 million proteins as a result of posttranslational processing and modifications. Such complexity clearly highlights the need for ultra-high resolution proteomic technology for robust quantitative protein measurements and data acquisition. This review is to update the current research efforts in high-resolution proteomic technology for discovery and monitoring cancer biomarkers.

PSA screening for prostate cancer： why so muc ：ontroversy？

Since prostate cancer reaches the advanced and non curable stage in the absence of any specific symptom or sign, it seems reasonable to diagnose this cancer at an early and curable stage. Screening by prostate-specific antigen （PSA） has been the common technology used. The last follow-up of the first two prospective and randomized screening studies for prostate cancer, namely the Quebec and ERSPC （European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer） clinical trials started in 1988 and 1991, respectively, have shown reductions of prostate cancer death of 62% （P〈0.002） and 21% （P〈0.001） （38% in the tenth and eleventh years of follow-up, P〈0.003）, respectively, while the PLCO （Prostate Lung Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer） screening trial reported no benefit. It has been estimated, however, that 85% of men in the planned ＇non-screened＇ group of the US study have been screened. With such a serious flaw, the PLCO study does not have the statistical power to reach any valid conclusion. In the Quebec study, only 7.3% of men were screened in the control arm. The important benefit observed in the ERSPC study was achieved using a less than optimal 4-year PSA screening interval which misses a significant number of cancers while the Quebec study used the optimal 1-year interval. With proper information obtained from their physicians or otherwise using data collected only from the clinical trials having the required statistical power, men should be in a good position to decide about being or not being screened for prostate cancer.

Does CMIP6 Inspire More Confidence in Simulating Climate Extremes over China?

Based on climate extreme indices calculated from a high-resolution daily observational dataset in China during 1961–2005,the performance of 12 climate models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6),and 30 models from phase 5 of CMIP(CMIP5),are assessed in terms of spatial distribution and interannual variability.The CMIP6 multi-model ensemble mean(CMIP6-MME)can simulate well the spatial pattern of annual mean temperature,maximum daily maximum temperature,and minimum daily minimum temperature.However,CMIP6-MME has difficulties in reproducing cold nights and warm days,and has large cold biases over the Tibetan Plateau.Its performance in simulating extreme precipitation indices is generally lower than in simulating temperature indices.Compared to CMIP5,CMIP6 models show improvements in the simulation of climate indices over China.This is particularly true for precipitation indices for both the climatological pattern and the interannual variation,except for the consecutive dry days.The arealmean bias for total precipitation has been reduced from 127%(CMIP5-MME)to 79%(CMIP6-MME).The most striking feature is that the dry biases in southern China,very persistent and general in CMIP5-MME,are largely reduced in CMIP6-MME.Stronger ascent together with more abundant moisture can explain this reduction in dry biases.Wet biases for total precipitation,heavy precipitation,and precipitation intensity in the eastern Tibetan Plateau are still present in CMIP6-MME,but smaller,compared to CMIP5-MME.

Psychological impact of chronic hepatitis C:Comparison with other stressful life events and chronic diseases

AIM： To examine the psychological impact of chronic hepatitis C （CHC） diagnosis in a large cohort of CHC patients as compared with other stressful life events and chronic diseases carrying a risk of life-threatening complications. METHODS： One hundred and eighty-five outpatients with compensated CHC were asked to self-grade, using a 100-mm visual analogue scale （VAS）, the degree of stress caused by the learning of CHC diagnosis and the perceived severity of their disease. Diagnosis-related stress was compared to four other stressful life events and perceived CHC severity was compared to four other common chronic diseases. RESULTS： Learning of CHC diagnosis was considered a major stressful event （mean ± SD scores： 72±25）, significantly less than death of a loved-one （89±13, P〈0.0001） and divorce （78 ± 23, P〈0.007）, but more than job dismissal （68 ± 30, P〈 0.04） and home removal （26±24, P〈 0.0001）. CHC was considered a severe disease （74± 19）, after AIDS （94±08, P〈 0.001） and cancer （91± 11, P〈 0.001）, but before diabetes （66±23, P〈0.001） and hypertension （62±20, P〈0.001）. Perceived CHC severity was not related to the actual severity of liver disease, assessed according to Metavir fibrosis score. In multivariate analysis, diagnosisrelated stress was related to perceived disease severity （P〈0.001）, trait anxiety （P〈 0.001） and infection through blood transfusion （P〈 0.001）. CONCLUSION： Our results show the considerable psychological and emotional burden that a diagnosis of CHC represents, even in the absence of significant liver disease. They should be taken into account when announcing a diagnosis of CHC in order to reduce its negative effects.

疑似或已确诊为冠状动脉疾病的患者其静息心率的长期预后预测价值

Heart rate reduction is the cornerstone of the treatment of angina. The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic value of heart rate in patients with stable coronary artery disease(CAD). Methods and results: We assessed the relationship between resting heart rate at baseline and cardiovascular mortality/ morbidity, while adjusting for risk factors. A total of 24 913 patients with suspected or proven CAD from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study registry were studied for a median followup of 14.7 years. All-cause and cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular rehospitalizations were increased with increasing heart rate(P< 0.0001). Patients with resting heart rate ≥ 83 bpm at baseline had a significantly higher risk for total mortality[hazard ratio(HR)=1.32, CI 1.19- 1.47, P< 0.0001]- and cardiovascular mortality(HR=1.31, CI 1.15- 1.48, P< 0.0001) after adjustment for multiple clinical variables when compared with the reference group. When comparing patients with heart rates between 77- 82 and ≥ 83 bpm with patients with a heart rate ≤ 62 bpm, the HR values for time to first cardiovascular rehospitalization were 1.11 and 1.14, respectively(P< 0.001 for both). Conclusion: Resting heart rate is a simple measurement with prognostic implications. High resting heart rate is a predictor for total and cardiovascular mortality independent of other risk factors in patients with CAD.

聚焦高职扩招实践,促进高职高质量发展——“新时代职业教育发展学术研讨会”综述

在职业教育步入新时代背景下,2020年12月4-5日,北京大学中国教育财政科学研究所和武汉职业技术学院社会职业与职业教育研究院联合举办了"新时代职业教育发展研讨会",会议以线上线下相结合的形式,围绕高职扩招背景下职业教育体系建设、资源配置与保障、人才培养与评价等方面展开了深入探讨和交流。会议总结了扩招工作的经验与挑战,针对扩招的教学改革和财政保障提出了建议,为新时代职业教育的发展出谋划策。

X-ray Computed Tomography Characterization of 3D Tufted Twill Textile Composite for Aerostructures

Damage assessments in three dimensional (3D) textile composites subjected to mechanical loading can be performed by non-destructive and destructive techniques.This paper applies the two techniques to investigate the fracture behavior of 3D tufted textile composites.X-ray computed tomography as a non-destructive evaluation method is appropriate to detect damage locations and identify their progression in 3D textile composites.Destructive methods such as sectioning toward observing damage provide valuable information about damage patterns.The results of this research could be utilized to evaluate the initial cause of rupture in 3D tufted composites used in aerospace structures and analyze fracture modes and damage progression.

Taxonomic and metabolic shifts in the Coorong bacterial metagenome driven by salinity and external inputs

The Coorong estuary lies at the terminus of Australia's largest river system, the Murray-Darling; both are strongly influenced by human activities; including farming and extensive flow modification. Metagenomic approaches were used to determine the planktonic bacterial community composition and potential metabolic function at two extremes in the Coorong, the river mouth which exhibits marine-like salinity, and the hypersaline upper-reaches of the estuary. Significant shifts in taxa and metabolic function were seen between the two sites. The river mouth exhibited an increase in abundance of R hodobacteriaceae and Alteromonadaceae; families readily able to adapt to change in nutrient conditions; and the potentially pathogenic families B rucellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae. Metabolisms over-represented include motility and chemotaxis, RNA metabolism and membrane transport, all of which are involved in actively searching for and obtaining nutrients. Also over-represented were metabolisms involved in population succession and stress response. An over-representation of taxa and metabolisms indicative of environmental change is reflective of anthropogenically af fected riverine input. In the hypersaline upper reaches of the estuary, the halophilic family Ectothiorhodospiraceae was over-represented, as were the families Flavobacteriaceae, Cytophagaceae and Nocardioidaceae, members of which are able to survive over a wide salinity range. Metabolisms over-represented here were reflective of increased bacterial growth, characteristic of hypersaline environments, and included DNA metabolism, nucleotide and nucleoside synthesis and cell cycle. Coorong metagenomes clustered taxonomically and metabolically with other planktonic metagenomes, but remained an outlier of this group with only 71% and 84% similarity, respectively. This indicates that the Coorong exhibits a unique planktonic bacterial community that is influenced by riverine input at the river mouth and salinity in the upper-reaches.

瞬时弹性图诊断肝硬化:一项前瞻性研究

Background: Transient elastography (FibroScan) is a new, noninvasive, rapid, and reproducible method allowing evaluation of liver fibrosis by measurement of liver stiffness. In cirrhotic patients, liver stiffness measurements range from 12.5 to 75.5 kPa. However, the clinical relevance of these values is unknown. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the accuracy of liver stiffness measurement for the detection of cirrhosis in patients with chronic liver disease. Methods: A total of 711 patients with chronic liver disease were studied. Aetiologies of chronic liver diseases were hepatitis C virus or hepatitis B virus infection, alcohol, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, other, or a combination of the above aetiologies. Liver fibrosis was evaluated according to the METAVIR score. Results: Stiffness was significantly correlated with fibrosis stage (r=0.73, p < 0.0001). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (95% confidence interval) were 0.80 (0.75- 0.84) for patients with significant fibrosis (F >2), 0.90 (0.86- 0.93) for patients with severe fibrosis (F3), and 0.96 (0.94- 0.98) for patients with cirrhosis. Using a cut off value of 17.6 kPa, patients with cirrhosis were detected with a positive predictive value and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 90% . Liver stiffness was significantly correlated with clinical, biological, and morphological parameters of liver disease. With an NPV >90% , the cut off values for the presence of oesophageal varices stage 2/3, cirrhosis Child-Pugh B or C, past history of ascites, hepatocellular carcinoma, and oesophageal bleeding were 27.5, 37.5, 49.1, 53.7, and 62.7 kPa, respectively. Conclusion: Transient elastography is a promising non-invasive method for detection of cirrhosis in patients with chronic liver disease. Its use for the follow up and management of these patients could be of great interest and should be evaluated further.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Can the noninvasive diagnostic testing identify high risk patients?

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM) is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death(SCD) in the young, particularly among athletes. Identifying high risk individuals is very important for SCD prevention. The purpose of this review is to stress that noninvasive diagnostic testing is important for risk assessment. Extreme left ventricular hypertrophy and documented ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation increase the risk of SCD. Fragmented QRS and T wave inversion in multiple leads are more common in high risk patients. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging provides complete visualization of the left ventricular chamber, allowing precise localization of the distribution of hypertrophy and measurement of wall thickness and cardiac mass. Moreover, with late gadolinium enhancement, patchy myocardial fibrosis within the area of hypertrophy can be detected, which is also helpful in risk stratification. Genetic testing is encouraged in all cases, especially in those with a family history of HCM and SCD.

脑室周围结节状异位在癫痫发病中的作用

A temporal resection in patients with periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH ) and intractable focal seizures yields poor results. To define the role of hete rotopic grey matter tissue in epileptogenesis and to improve outcome, we perform ed stereoencephalography (SEEG) recordings in eight patients with uni-or bilate ral PNH and intractable focal epilepsy. The SEEG studies aimed to evaluate the m ost epileptogenic areas and included the allo-and neocortex and at least one no dule of grey matter. Interictal spiking activity was found in ectopic grey matte r in three patients, in the cortex overlying the nodules in five and in the mesi al temporal structures in all. At least one heterotopion was involved at seizure onset in six patients, synchronous with the overlying neocortex or ipsilateral hippocampus. Two patients had their seizures originating in the mesial temporal structures only. Six patients had surgery and the resected areas included the se izure onset, with follow-up from 1 to 8 years. An amygdalo-hippocampectomy was performed in two (Engel class Id and III), an amygdalo-hippocampectomy plus re moval of an adjacent heterotopion in two (class Ia), and a resection of two cont iguous nodules plus a small rim of overlying occipital cortex in one patient (cl ass Id). One patient with bilateral PNH had three adjacent nodules resected and an ipsilateral amygdalo-hippocampectomy resulting in a reduction of the number of seizures by 25-50%. The best predictor of surgical outcome is the presence of a focal epileptic generator; this generator may or may not include the PNH. I nvasive recording is required in patients with PNH; it improves localization and is the key to better outcome.

Implementation of Psychosocial Intervention StomieCare for Patients with Rectal Cancer Treated by Rectal Excision and Temporary Stoma:A Pilot Study of Feasibility,Acceptability and Efficacy

Objective:This study aims to evaluate the feasibility,acceptability,and efficacy of StomieCare for rectal cancer patients undergoing surgery with a temporary stoma.StomieCare(three individual sessions)comprises thematic discussions,information and education,and teaching problem-solving and cognitive restructuring.Methods:Thirty-seven rectal cancer participants treated by surgery and temporary stoma were recruited and randomized to control(routine care approach,n=20)and intervention(routine care and StomieCare,n=17)groups.Outcomes were psychological distress(anxiety and depression,HADS),body image(BIS,ESS),and quality of life(FACT-C),at one week before surgery(T1)and 3 months after stoma closure(T2).Interand intragroup statistical analyses were performed.Results:This study demonstrated that StomieCare is feasible and acceptable.At T2,depression scores were higher for controls than for the intervention group.The mean scores for quality of life,depression,and body image decreased in the control group but remained stable in the intervention group.Anxiety scores significantly decreased between T1 and T2 only for the control group.Conclusion:StomieCare is a feasible and acceptable intervention for the prevention of depressive symptomatology.

宫颈粒细胞肉瘤

Background. Granulocytic sarcoma of the cervix, leading to the diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), is a rare event. Case. A 33- year- old woman presented with vaginal bleeding, pain, and a large pelvic mass involving the cervix, extending bilaterally to the pelvic side walls. A biopsy of the cervix revealed granulocytic sarcoma, and a subsequent bone marrow biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of AML. Results. The majority of patients with cervical granulocytic sarcoma present with vaginal bleeding, sometimes with abdominal pain and other systemic symptoms. The overall 2- year survival rates for all patients with granulocytic sarcoma in the literature is 6% , and none of the patients lived 5 years. Conclusion. Granulocytic sarcoma of the cervix is rare. Awareness of this entity will allow earlier diagnosis and appropriate treatment.