Traditional Chinese preserved egg products have exhibited some anti-inflammatory effects,but their mechanisms of action remain unknown.This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of preserved egg whi...Traditional Chinese preserved egg products have exhibited some anti-inflammatory effects,but their mechanisms of action remain unknown.This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of preserved egg white(PEW)treatment on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis in mice and the underlying mechanisms.The results showed that treatment with PEW in mice with DSS-induced colitis for 14 days effectively improved the clinical signs,inhibited the secretion and gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines,and reduced myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity and oxidative stress levels.In addition,western blotting results showed that PEW significantly suppressed DSS-induced phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)p65 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)in colon tissues of mice with colitis.PEW also enhanced the production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and modulated gut microbiota composition in mice with DSS-induced colitis,including increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria Lachnospiraceae,Ruminococcaceae and Muribaculaceae,and reducing the relative abundance of harmful bacteria Proteobacteria.Taken together,our study demonstrated that preserved egg white could alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice through the reduction of oxidative stress,modulation of inflammatory cytokines,NF-κB,MAPK and gut microbiota composition.展开更多
Background:Grounded in intersectionality theory,this study examined the 6-year prevalence trend and correlates in meeting Canada’s 24-Hour Movement Guidelines(Guidelines hereafter)in a nationally representative adole...Background:Grounded in intersectionality theory,this study examined the 6-year prevalence trend and correlates in meeting Canada’s 24-Hour Movement Guidelines(Guidelines hereafter)in a nationally representative adolescent samples of South Korea(officially the Republic of Korea).Methods:Self-reported,annually repeated cross-sectional data collected between 2013 and 2018 were used(n=372,433,12-17 years old,47.9%females).Adolescents were categorized as meeting or not meeting different sets of physical activity,screen time(ST),and sleep recommendations within the Guidelines,separately for weekdays and weekend days.Intersectional correlates included sex and social class(i.e.,family economic status,parental education level,and academic performance).Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed.Results:Overall,the proportion of adolescents meeting physical activity,ST,and sleep recommendations were 5.3%,60.3%,and 10.2%on weekdays and 5.3%,28.2%,and 46.4%on weekend days,respectively.Between 2013 and 2018,no substantial changes were observed for meeting the physical activity or sleep recommendation,while meeting the ST recommendation was markedly lower in 2018.The proportion of meeting all 3 recommendations were 0.5%for weekdays and 0.8%for weekend days.Overall,compared to female adolescents,male adolescents were consistently associated with more favorable patterns of meeting different sets of recommendations,regardless of social class.Among females only,social class appeared to be not important or even detrimental in meeting different sets of recommendations.Being male,compounded with social class,was associated with meeting the ST recommendation.Conclusion:Less than 1%of Korean adolescents met the overall Guidelines.Intersectionality-based analysis and intervention may be important in promoting healthy active lifestyles among South Korean adolescents.展开更多
Purpose:This quasi-experimental study examined the impact of height-adjustable desks in combination with prompts to break up prolonged sitting time during class time and identified social and motivational factors asso...Purpose:This quasi-experimental study examined the impact of height-adjustable desks in combination with prompts to break up prolonged sitting time during class time and identified social and motivational factors associated with breaking up sitting time among adolescents.Teachers’perceptions of strategies were also examined.Methods:Over 17 weeks,1 classroom in a government secondary school in Melbourne,Australia,was equipped with 27 height-adjustable desks and prompts(posters and desk stickers)to break up classroom sitting time.Teachers received professional development in the use of the desks and prompts.One group of adolescents(n=55)had 2-5 lessons/week using the height-adjustable desks in an intervention classroom,and a comparison group matched by year level and subject(n=50)was taught in traditional“seated”classrooms.Adolescents wore an activPAL monitor at baseline(T0),4 weeks(T1),and 17 weeks(T2)and completed a survey at T0 and T2.Six teachers participated in interviews at T2.Effect sizes were calculated(d).Results:Linear mixed models found that,compared to the traditional“seated”classrooms,the adolescents in the intervention classroom had significantly lower sitting time(T1:-9.7 min/lesson,d=-0.96;T2:-6.7 min/lesson,d=-0.70)and time spent in sitting bouts>15 min(T2:-11.2 min/lesson,d=-0.62),and had significantly higher standing time(T1:7.3 min/lesson,d=0.84;T2:5.8 min/lesson,d=0.91),number of breaks from sitting(T1:1.3 breaks/lesson,d=0.49;T2:1.8 breaks/lesson,d=0.67),and stepping time(T1:2.5 min/lesson,d=0.66).Intervention classroom adolescents reported greater habit strength(d=0.58),self-efficacy for breaking up sitting time(d=0.75),and indicated that having a teacher/classmate remind them to stand as helpful(d=0.50).Conclusion:This intervention shows promise for targeting sitting behaviors in the classroom and indicates that incorporating social and motivational strategies may further enhance outcomes.展开更多
Background:Weight-loss-induced fat loss improves cardiometabolic health in individuals with overweight and obesity;however,weight loss can also result in bone loss and increased fracture risk.Weight-loss-induced bone ...Background:Weight-loss-induced fat loss improves cardiometabolic health in individuals with overweight and obesity;however,weight loss can also result in bone loss and increased fracture risk.Weight-loss-induced bone loss may be attenuated with exercise.Our aim was to compare changes in bone mineral density(BMD)in adults with overweight and obesity who undertook diet-induced weight loss alone or in combination with exercise.Methods:We included randomized controlled trials(RCTs)in adults with overweight or obesity(aged-18 years;body mass index-25 kg/m^(2))that prescribed diet-induced weight loss alone or in combination with supervised exercise,and measured any bone structural parameters.Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.Random-effects meta-analyses determined mean changes and net mean differences(95%confidence intervals(95%CIs))in the percentage of areal BMD(aBMD)change between groups.Results:We included 9 RCTs.Diet-induced weight loss led to significant losses in femoral neck aBMD(mean change:-1.73%(95%CI:-2.39%to-1.07%),p<0.001)and total hip aBMD(-2.19%(95%CI:-3.84%to-0.54%),p=0.009).Femoral neck aBMD losses were significantly greater in the diet-induced weight loss group compared to the exercise plus diet-induced weight loss group(net difference:-0.88%(95%CI:-1.73%to-0.03%));however,there were no differences in aBMD changes at any other skeletal site:total hip(-1.96%(95%CI:-4.59%to 0.68%))and lumbar spine(-0.48%(95%CI:-1.81%to 0.86%)).aBMD changes did not differ significantly according to exercise modality(resistance exercise,aerobic exercise,or a combination of the two)during diet-induced weight loss.Conclusion:Diet-induced weight loss led to greater femoral neck bone loss compared to diet-induced weight loss plus exercise.Bone loss at the total hip and lumbar spine was not attenuated by exercise during diet-induced weight loss.The lack of consistent skeletal benefits may be due to the insufficient duration and/or training intensities of most exercise interventions.Additional RCTs with appropriate,targeted exercise interventions should be conducted.展开更多
Purpose:The study aimed to describe youth time-use compositions,focusing on time spent in shorter and longer bouts of sedentary behavior and physical activity(PA),and to examine associations of these time-use composit...Purpose:The study aimed to describe youth time-use compositions,focusing on time spent in shorter and longer bouts of sedentary behavior and physical activity(PA),and to examine associations of these time-use compositions with cardiometabolic biomarkers.Methods:Accelerometer and cardiometabolic biomarker data from 2 Australian studies involving youths 7-13 years old were pooled(complete cases with accelerometry and adiposity marker data,n=782).A 9-component time-use composition was formed using compositional data analysis:time in shorter and longer bouts of sedentary behavior;time in shorter and longer bouts of light-,moderate-,or vigorous-intensity PA;and"other time"(i.e.,non-wear/sleep).Shorter and longer bouts of sedentary time were defined as<5 min and>5 min,respectively.Shorter bouts of light-,moderate-,and vigorous-intensity PA were defined as<1 min;longer bouts were defined as≥1 min.Regression models examined associations between overall time-use composition and cardiometabolic biomarkers.Then,associations were derived between ratios of longer activity patterns relative to shorter activity patterns,and of each intensity level relative to the other intensity levels and"other time",and cardiometabolic biomarkers.Results:Confounder-adjusted models showed that the overall time-use composition was associated with adiposity,blood pressure,lipids,and the summary score.Specifically,more time in longer bouts of light-intensity PA relative to shorter bouts of light-intensity PA was significantly associated with greater body mass index z-score(zBMI)(β=1.79;SE=0.68)and waist circumference(β=18.35,SE=4.78).When each activity intensity was considered relative to all higher intensities and"other time",more time in light-and vigorous-intensity PA,and less time in sedentary behavior and moderate-intensity PA,were associated with lower waist circumference.Conclusion:Accumulating PA,particularly light-intensity PA,in frequent short bursts may be more beneficial for limiting adiposity compared to accumulating the same amount of PA at these intensities in longer bouts.展开更多
1.No global progress on youth physical activity prevalenceTagedEnd TagedPDespite hundreds of intervention studies over decennia that have been dedicated to developing and testing programs and strategies to promote phy...1.No global progress on youth physical activity prevalenceTagedEnd TagedPDespite hundreds of intervention studies over decennia that have been dedicated to developing and testing programs and strategies to promote physical activity(PA)in adolescents,14 global inactivity levels remain persistently high.Based on self-report data from 1.6 million schoolgoing adolescents from 146 countries,Guthold et al.5 confirmed previous urgent calls to get adolescents more active.Researchers from the World Health Organization(WHO)recently published global prevalence rates and the first ever global time trends for insufficient PA in youth.They reported that more than 80%of school-going adolescents globally did not meet the current recommendations of at least 1 h of PA per day.展开更多
Background:Low cardiorespiratory fitness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality,and interventions that increase fitness reduce risk.Water-walking decreases musculoskeletal impact and ris...Background:Low cardiorespiratory fitness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality,and interventions that increase fitness reduce risk.Water-walking decreases musculoskeletal impact and risk of falls in older individuals,but it is unclear whether water-walking improves aerobic fitness in the same way as weight-dependent land-walking.This randomized controlled trial involved 3 intervention groups—a no-exercise control group(CG),a land-walking(LW)group,and a water-walking(WW)group—to investigate the comparative impacts of LWandWWto CG on fitness.Methods:Both exercise groups attended individually tailored,center-based,intensity-matched 3×weekly sessions for 24 weeks,which progressed to 150 min of exercise per week.This was followed by a 24-week no-intervention period.Maximal graded exercise tests were performed on a treadmill at Weeks 0,24,and 48.Results:Maximal oxygen uptake increased from Week 0 to Week 24 in both exercise groups(0.57±0.62 mL/kg/min,0.03±0.04 L/min for LW;0.93±0.75 mL/kg/min,0.06±0.06 L/min for WW,mean±SE)compared to the CG(-1.75±0.78 mL/kg/min,-0.16±0.05 L/min)(group×time,p<0.05).Time to exhaustion increased significantly following LW only(123.4±25.5 s),which was significantly greater(p=0.001)than the CG(24.3±18.5 s).By Week 48,the training-induced adaptations in the exercise groups returned to near baseline levels.Conclusion:Our study supports current physical-activity recommendations that 150 min/week of moderate-intensity exercise produces improvements in fitness in previously sedentary older individuals.Also,LW andWW elicit similar improvements in fitness if conducted at the same relative intensities.Exercise-na?ve older individuals can benefit from the lower impact forces and decreased risk of falls associated withWWwithout compromising improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness.展开更多
Background:Children and adolescents can be distinguished by different typologies(clusters) of physical activity and sedentary behavior.How physical activity and sedentary behaviors change over time within different ty...Background:Children and adolescents can be distinguished by different typologies(clusters) of physical activity and sedentary behavior.How physical activity and sedentary behaviors change over time within different typologies is not known.This study examined longitudinal changes in physical activity and sedentary time among children and adolescents with different baseline typologies of activity-related behavior.Methods:In this longitudinal study(3 annual time points) of children(n=600,age=9.2±0.4 years(mean±SD),50.3% girls) and adolescents(n=1037,age=13.6±1.7 years,48.4% girls),participants were recruited in Spain in 2011-2012.Latent class analyses identified typologies based on self-reported screen,educational,social and relaxing sedentary behaviors,active travel,muscle strengthening activity,and sport at baseline.Within each typology,linear mixed growth models explored longitudinal changes in accelerometer-derived moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time,as well as time by class interactions.Results:Three typologies were identified among children( "social screenies",12.8%;"exercisers",61.5%;and "non-sporty active commuters",25.7%) and among adolescents "active screenies",43.5%;"active academics",35.0%;and "non-sporty active commuters",21.5%) at baseline.Sedentary time increased within each typology among children and adolescents,with no significant differences between typologies.No changes in physical activity were found in any typology among children.In adolescents,physical activity declined within all typologies,with "non-sporty active commuters" declining significantly more than "active screenies" over 3 years.Conclusion:These results support the need for interveation to promote physical activity and prevent increases in sedentary time during childhood and adolescence.Adolescents characterized as "non-sporty active commuters" may require specific interventions to maintain their physical activity over time.展开更多
Background:While the relationship between sedentary time and adiposity markers may be independent of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA) among adolescents,little is known about the role of light-int...Background:While the relationship between sedentary time and adiposity markers may be independent of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA) among adolescents,little is known about the role of light-intensity physical activity(LIPA) in this relationship.The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine whether device-measured LIPA and MVPA moderate the associations between objectively measured sitting time and adiposity markers(body mass index(BMI)) and waist circumference(WC)) among adolescents.Methods:This study included accelerometer and inclinometer data obtained from 219 adolescents(age=14.9±1.6 years,mean± SD),collected during 2014 and 2015 in Melbourne,Australia.ActiGraph GT3 X accelerometers were used to determine time spent in total-LIPA(101 counts/min to 3.99 metabolic equivalents(METs)) was dichotomized into low-LIPA(101-799 counts/min) and high LIPA(800 counts/min to 3.99 METs),and MVPA(> 4 METs).The average time spent sitting was obtained from activPAL inclinometers.Anthropometric measures were assessed by trained staff.Interactions between sitting and total-LIPA,low-LIPA,high-LIPA,and MVPA on BMI z-score(zBMI) and WC z-score(zWC),respectively,were examined using linear regression,adjusting for age and sex;and moderation by total-LIPA,low-LIPA,high-LIPA,and MVPA were examined by adding interaction terms.Significant interaction effects were probed by comparing associations at the mean and at 1 SD below and above the mean.Results:Total-LIPA significantly moderated the association between sitting time and zBMI,and low-LIPA significantly moderated the association between sitting time and zBMI and zWC.No other associations were found for total-LIPA,high-LIPA,or MVPA.Specifically,at high levels of total-LIPA(+1 SD),there is a negative association between sitting time and zBMI.In addition,at high levels of low-LIPA(+1 SD),there is a negative association between sitting time and zBMI and zWC.Conclusion:Associations between sitting and adiposity depended on time spent in total-LIPA and low-LIPA,but not high-LIPA or MVPA.Results suggest that increasing time spent in LIP A may provide protection from the deleterious effects of sitting on adiposity markers among adolescents.Experimental evidence is needed to support these conclusions.展开更多
Objective:We reviewed and appraised the existing evidence of in vivo manifestations of residual force enhancement in human skeletal muscles and assessed,through a meta-analysis,the effect of an immediate history of ec...Objective:We reviewed and appraised the existing evidence of in vivo manifestations of residual force enhancement in human skeletal muscles and assessed,through a meta-analysis,the effect of an immediate history of eccentric contraction on the subsequent torque capacity of voluntary and electrically evoked muscle contractions.Methods:Our search was conducted from database inception to May 2020.Descriptive information was extracted from,and quality was assessed for,45 studies.Meta-analyses and metaregressions were used to analyze residual torque enhancement and its dependence on the angular amplitude of the preceding eccentric contraction.Results:Procedures varied across studies with regards to muscle group tested,angular stretch amplitude,randomization of contractions,time window analyzed,and verbal command.Torque capacity in isometric(constant muscle tendon unit length and joint angle)contractions preceded by an eccentric contraction was typically greater compared to purely isometric contractions,and this effect was greater for electrically evoked muscle contractions than voluntary contractions.Residual torque enhancement differed across muscle groups for the voluntary contractions,with a significant enhancement in torque observed for the adductor pollicis,ankle dorsiflexors,ankle plantar flexors,and knee extensors,but not for the elbow and knee flexors.Meta-regressions revealed that the angular amplitude of the eccentric contraction(normalized to the respective joints full range of motion)was not associated with the residual torque enhancement observed.Conclusion:There is evidence of residual torque enhancement for most,but not all,muscle groups,and residual torque enhancement is greater for electrically evoked than for voluntary contractions.Contrary to our hypothesis,and contrary to generally accepted findings on isolated muscle preparations,residual torque enhancement in voluntary and electrically evoked contractions does not seem to depend on the angular amplitude of the preceding eccentric contraction.展开更多
Dear Editor We read with interest the editorial by Qiu et at about the psychological distress among the general population in China during the COVID-19 pandemic and policy recommendations.The elderly are more vulnerab...Dear Editor We read with interest the editorial by Qiu et at about the psychological distress among the general population in China during the COVID-19 pandemic and policy recommendations.The elderly are more vulnerable to increased mental health problems during COVID-19,which has raised significant challenges for community mental health services.12 Older people with comorbid conditions,including cardiovascular diseases,lung diseases,diabetes and hypertension are more likely to be severely affected and die because of COVID-19,which is caused by SARS-CoV-2.^(3).展开更多
Dear editor,We thank Lopes et al.^(1) for their interest in our study and for writing an insightful commentary based on our findings,which were recently published in the Journal of Sport and Health Science,^(2) and fo...Dear editor,We thank Lopes et al.^(1) for their interest in our study and for writing an insightful commentary based on our findings,which were recently published in the Journal of Sport and Health Science,^(2) and for their work.^(3) As noted by the authors,there is consistency in several key findings between our laboratories,and this should serve as a basis for future investigation in this area.We agree that there has been little work examining the effect of high-intensity interval exercise(HIIE)on central arterial stiffness.展开更多
What is science?While a simple question,the answer is complex.Science is a process involving human behaviour,and due to the human influence,science is often not pursued correctly.In fact,one can argue that we still do...What is science?While a simple question,the answer is complex.Science is a process involving human behaviour,and due to the human influence,science is often not pursued correctly.In fact,one can argue that we still do not know what the“correct”pursuit of science should entail.This is because science remains a work in progress,differs for different questions,and we often are not aware of the mistakes made until years,or decades,later.Such mistakes are common,regardless of the discipline.Within exercise physiology,mistakes have been frequent and led to eventual corrections;the replacement of the post-exercise rate of oxygen consumption(VO_(2))debt concept with that of excess post-exercise VO_(2);the invalidation of the cellular production of lactic acid;improvements to maximal heart rate estimation;and on-going debate over the Central Governor Model.Improved training and education in the historical development of science and the contributions from scientific philosophy are important in providing an understanding of science,and more importantly,how to pursue“better”vs.“inferior”forms of science.The writings of Popper and Kuhn are core to enhanced understanding of how to improve the quality of science pursued.Unfortunately,quality education and training in the historical and philosophical development of science remain poor in most countries.Until inadequate educational training is overcome,there is sustained risk for the pursuit of science to remain inadequate,which in turn has a potential widespread detriment to humanity and the planet we live on.展开更多
Research indicates that high levels of sedentary behavior(sitting or lying with low energy expenditure) are adversely associated with health. A key factor in improving our understanding of the impact of sedentary beha...Research indicates that high levels of sedentary behavior(sitting or lying with low energy expenditure) are adversely associated with health. A key factor in improving our understanding of the impact of sedentary behavior(and patterns of sedentary time accumulation) on health is the use of objective measurement tools that collect date and time-stamped activity information. One such tool is the activP AL monitor. This thigh-worn device uses accelerometer-derived information about thigh position to determine the start and end of each period spent sitting/lying, standing, and stepping, as well as stepping speed, step counts, and postural transitions. The activP AL is increasingly being used within field-based research for its ability to measure sitting/lying via posture. We summarise key issues to consider when using the activP AL in physical activity and sedentary behavior field-based research with adult populations. It is intended that the findings and discussion points be informative for researchers who are currently using activP AL monitors or are intending to use them. Pre-data collection decisions, monitor preparation and distribution, data collection considerations, and manual and automated data processing possibilities are presented using examples from current literature and experiences from 2 research groups from the UK and Australia.展开更多
Background Different periodization models have been widely used to improve maximum and rapid force in aging adults.However,it is unclear if some specific model can influence the remarkable heterogeneity of responsiven...Background Different periodization models have been widely used to improve maximum and rapid force in aging adults.However,it is unclear if some specific model can influence the remarkable heterogeneity of responsiveness to rapid torque improvements following resistance training.Aims Compare the effects of mixed session periodization(MSP)and traditional(TP)models on neuromuscular performance and individual responsiveness in aging adults.Methods Twenty-two aging men and women(64.6±5.2 years old;1.68±0.1 m;77.8±16.0 kg)completed the intervention period.They were assigned into MSP(n=11)or TP(n=11)resistance training for lower limbs.The outcome measures normalized dynamic leg press(5-RM:BM),absolute and normalized knee isometric peak torque(PT and PT:BM)and rate of torque development,and impulse were assessed at baseline and after three blocks of a 9-wk resistance training(3 sessions per week).Thigh leg lean mass was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after the intervention.Results Similar increases were observed for 5-RM:BM(MSP:28.8%±13.5%and TP:26.4%±7.6%,P<0.001),PT(MSP:223.7±50.7 N·m and TP:189.9±58.6 N·m,P<0.001),but it was not observed for PT:BM(MSP:16.4%±16.5%and TP:4.7%±9.2%,P>0.05).Absolute and normalized RTD remained unchanged throughout intervention(P>0.05),but both groups improved impulse(MSP:22.1%±25.7%and TP:12.6%±45.2%,P<0.001).Only MSP responders(n=5)presented significant time effect for absolute RTD(P<0.05)and impulse(P<0.05).Conclusion Although both periodization protocols increased 5-RM:BM and PT,it was not interchangeable through improve-ments in RTD even adopting power training session.Furthermore,these results suggest a great inter-individual variability following different periodization models for aging people.展开更多
Physical activity data in primary school-aged children are limited in Vietnam.Although tools to measure social ecological influences on physical activity are validated in English,they are not available in Vietnamese.D...Physical activity data in primary school-aged children are limited in Vietnam.Although tools to measure social ecological influences on physical activity are validated in English,they are not available in Vietnamese.Due to cultural and contextual differences,their psychometric properties need to be tested.Five scales were translated into Vietnamese and evaluated for internal consistency and test re-test reliability,including self-efficacy,perceived social influences,and beliefs self-administered by students,and parental support for physical activity and parental perceived safety of the neighbourhood,self-administered by parents.Compared to the original scales,two items from the parental perceived neighbourhood safety were removed due to the cultural context.Another item of the self-efficacy scale was also removed as it correlated poorly with the other items in the scale at both administrations.The adjusted scales were found to be reliable and appropriate for use among students and parents to measure social ecological influences on physical activity in the Vietnamese context.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to identify correlates of changes in physical activity(PA)and sedentary behaviour(SB)among university-based young adults in Bangladesh.Data were from a 1-year prospective study with 2 ass...The purpose of this study was to identify correlates of changes in physical activity(PA)and sedentary behaviour(SB)among university-based young adults in Bangladesh.Data were from a 1-year prospective study with 2 assessment points(baseline n=573,20.7±1.35 years,45%female;retention rate 69%,analytical sample=395).Participants completed a self-administered written survey on PA,SB,health and lifestyle be-haviours,and sociodemographics.Changes in PA were categorised as:negligible(±<60 min/week),>60 min/week decrease,or>60 min/week increase.Changes in SB were categorised as negligible(±<120 min/week),>120 min/week decrease,and>120 min/week increase.Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify the correlates.About quarters(72%)of participants had insufficient PA at both assessment points.Of those who were sufficiently active at Wave 1,5%became insufficiently active at Wave 2.One quarter of par-ticipants(23%)had high SB at Wave 1 and Wave 2.Of those who had low SB at Wave 1,16%had high SB at Wave 2.Being male[OR=2.04(95%CI:1.06–3.93)],baseline phone time of>2 h/day[OR=3.14(95%CI:1.04–7.04)]and not participating in organised sports at baseline[OR=2.56(95%CI:1.24–5.29)]were associated with a decrease in PA by>60 min/week.Participants who frequently experienced stress at baseline had higher odds of increasing SB by>120 min/day[OR=1.83(95%CI:1.04–3.23)].SB is more variable than PA over 1 year in university-based young adults in Bangladesh.Males,those with high phone time,those not engaging with organised sports,and those with frequent stress may change to a more inactive lifestyle.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Chinese National Natural Science Funds (31772043)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2662018JC021)
文摘Traditional Chinese preserved egg products have exhibited some anti-inflammatory effects,but their mechanisms of action remain unknown.This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of preserved egg white(PEW)treatment on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis in mice and the underlying mechanisms.The results showed that treatment with PEW in mice with DSS-induced colitis for 14 days effectively improved the clinical signs,inhibited the secretion and gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines,and reduced myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity and oxidative stress levels.In addition,western blotting results showed that PEW significantly suppressed DSS-induced phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)p65 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)in colon tissues of mice with colitis.PEW also enhanced the production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and modulated gut microbiota composition in mice with DSS-induced colitis,including increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria Lachnospiraceae,Ruminococcaceae and Muribaculaceae,and reducing the relative abundance of harmful bacteria Proteobacteria.Taken together,our study demonstrated that preserved egg white could alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice through the reduction of oxidative stress,modulation of inflammatory cytokines,NF-κB,MAPK and gut microbiota composition.
文摘Background:Grounded in intersectionality theory,this study examined the 6-year prevalence trend and correlates in meeting Canada’s 24-Hour Movement Guidelines(Guidelines hereafter)in a nationally representative adolescent samples of South Korea(officially the Republic of Korea).Methods:Self-reported,annually repeated cross-sectional data collected between 2013 and 2018 were used(n=372,433,12-17 years old,47.9%females).Adolescents were categorized as meeting or not meeting different sets of physical activity,screen time(ST),and sleep recommendations within the Guidelines,separately for weekdays and weekend days.Intersectional correlates included sex and social class(i.e.,family economic status,parental education level,and academic performance).Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed.Results:Overall,the proportion of adolescents meeting physical activity,ST,and sleep recommendations were 5.3%,60.3%,and 10.2%on weekdays and 5.3%,28.2%,and 46.4%on weekend days,respectively.Between 2013 and 2018,no substantial changes were observed for meeting the physical activity or sleep recommendation,while meeting the ST recommendation was markedly lower in 2018.The proportion of meeting all 3 recommendations were 0.5%for weekdays and 0.8%for weekend days.Overall,compared to female adolescents,male adolescents were consistently associated with more favorable patterns of meeting different sets of recommendations,regardless of social class.Among females only,social class appeared to be not important or even detrimental in meeting different sets of recommendations.Being male,compounded with social class,was associated with meeting the ST recommendation.Conclusion:Less than 1%of Korean adolescents met the overall Guidelines.Intersectionality-based analysis and intervention may be important in promoting healthy active lifestyles among South Korean adolescents.
基金This study has received a seed funding from Deakin University’s School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences(2015)BS was supported by funding from a National Health and Medical Research Council(NHMRC)Centre of Research Excellence(APP1057608)+2 种基金AMCA was supported by a Deakin University Postgraduate Research Scholarship(DUPRS).AT was supported by a National Heart Foundation of Australia Future Leader Fellowship award(Award ID 100046)during this studyDWD is supported by an NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship(APP1078360)and by the Victorian Government’s Operational Infrastructure Support ProgramLA is supported by an Alfred Deakin Postdoctoral Research Fellowship.JS was supported by an NHMRC Principal Research Fellowship(APP1026216)during this research.The authors are grateful to the principal,teachers,and adolescents for their participation in this study。
文摘Purpose:This quasi-experimental study examined the impact of height-adjustable desks in combination with prompts to break up prolonged sitting time during class time and identified social and motivational factors associated with breaking up sitting time among adolescents.Teachers’perceptions of strategies were also examined.Methods:Over 17 weeks,1 classroom in a government secondary school in Melbourne,Australia,was equipped with 27 height-adjustable desks and prompts(posters and desk stickers)to break up classroom sitting time.Teachers received professional development in the use of the desks and prompts.One group of adolescents(n=55)had 2-5 lessons/week using the height-adjustable desks in an intervention classroom,and a comparison group matched by year level and subject(n=50)was taught in traditional“seated”classrooms.Adolescents wore an activPAL monitor at baseline(T0),4 weeks(T1),and 17 weeks(T2)and completed a survey at T0 and T2.Six teachers participated in interviews at T2.Effect sizes were calculated(d).Results:Linear mixed models found that,compared to the traditional“seated”classrooms,the adolescents in the intervention classroom had significantly lower sitting time(T1:-9.7 min/lesson,d=-0.96;T2:-6.7 min/lesson,d=-0.70)and time spent in sitting bouts>15 min(T2:-11.2 min/lesson,d=-0.62),and had significantly higher standing time(T1:7.3 min/lesson,d=0.84;T2:5.8 min/lesson,d=0.91),number of breaks from sitting(T1:1.3 breaks/lesson,d=0.49;T2:1.8 breaks/lesson,d=0.67),and stepping time(T1:2.5 min/lesson,d=0.66).Intervention classroom adolescents reported greater habit strength(d=0.58),self-efficacy for breaking up sitting time(d=0.75),and indicated that having a teacher/classmate remind them to stand as helpful(d=0.50).Conclusion:This intervention shows promise for targeting sitting behaviors in the classroom and indicates that incorporating social and motivational strategies may further enhance outcomes.
基金JM is supported by a Research Training Program ScholarshipDS is supported by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council(NHMRC)RD Wright Biomedical Career Development Fellowship(GNT1123014)an NHMRC Investigator Grant(GNT1174886).
文摘Background:Weight-loss-induced fat loss improves cardiometabolic health in individuals with overweight and obesity;however,weight loss can also result in bone loss and increased fracture risk.Weight-loss-induced bone loss may be attenuated with exercise.Our aim was to compare changes in bone mineral density(BMD)in adults with overweight and obesity who undertook diet-induced weight loss alone or in combination with exercise.Methods:We included randomized controlled trials(RCTs)in adults with overweight or obesity(aged-18 years;body mass index-25 kg/m^(2))that prescribed diet-induced weight loss alone or in combination with supervised exercise,and measured any bone structural parameters.Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.Random-effects meta-analyses determined mean changes and net mean differences(95%confidence intervals(95%CIs))in the percentage of areal BMD(aBMD)change between groups.Results:We included 9 RCTs.Diet-induced weight loss led to significant losses in femoral neck aBMD(mean change:-1.73%(95%CI:-2.39%to-1.07%),p<0.001)and total hip aBMD(-2.19%(95%CI:-3.84%to-0.54%),p=0.009).Femoral neck aBMD losses were significantly greater in the diet-induced weight loss group compared to the exercise plus diet-induced weight loss group(net difference:-0.88%(95%CI:-1.73%to-0.03%));however,there were no differences in aBMD changes at any other skeletal site:total hip(-1.96%(95%CI:-4.59%to 0.68%))and lumbar spine(-0.48%(95%CI:-1.81%to 0.86%)).aBMD changes did not differ significantly according to exercise modality(resistance exercise,aerobic exercise,or a combination of the two)during diet-induced weight loss.Conclusion:Diet-induced weight loss led to greater femoral neck bone loss compared to diet-induced weight loss plus exercise.Bone loss at the total hip and lumbar spine was not attenuated by exercise during diet-induced weight loss.The lack of consistent skeletal benefits may be due to the insufficient duration and/or training intensities of most exercise interventions.Additional RCTs with appropriate,targeted exercise interventions should be conducted.
文摘Purpose:The study aimed to describe youth time-use compositions,focusing on time spent in shorter and longer bouts of sedentary behavior and physical activity(PA),and to examine associations of these time-use compositions with cardiometabolic biomarkers.Methods:Accelerometer and cardiometabolic biomarker data from 2 Australian studies involving youths 7-13 years old were pooled(complete cases with accelerometry and adiposity marker data,n=782).A 9-component time-use composition was formed using compositional data analysis:time in shorter and longer bouts of sedentary behavior;time in shorter and longer bouts of light-,moderate-,or vigorous-intensity PA;and"other time"(i.e.,non-wear/sleep).Shorter and longer bouts of sedentary time were defined as<5 min and>5 min,respectively.Shorter bouts of light-,moderate-,and vigorous-intensity PA were defined as<1 min;longer bouts were defined as≥1 min.Regression models examined associations between overall time-use composition and cardiometabolic biomarkers.Then,associations were derived between ratios of longer activity patterns relative to shorter activity patterns,and of each intensity level relative to the other intensity levels and"other time",and cardiometabolic biomarkers.Results:Confounder-adjusted models showed that the overall time-use composition was associated with adiposity,blood pressure,lipids,and the summary score.Specifically,more time in longer bouts of light-intensity PA relative to shorter bouts of light-intensity PA was significantly associated with greater body mass index z-score(zBMI)(β=1.79;SE=0.68)and waist circumference(β=18.35,SE=4.78).When each activity intensity was considered relative to all higher intensities and"other time",more time in light-and vigorous-intensity PA,and less time in sedentary behavior and moderate-intensity PA,were associated with lower waist circumference.Conclusion:Accumulating PA,particularly light-intensity PA,in frequent short bursts may be more beneficial for limiting adiposity compared to accumulating the same amount of PA at these intensities in longer bouts.
文摘1.No global progress on youth physical activity prevalenceTagedEnd TagedPDespite hundreds of intervention studies over decennia that have been dedicated to developing and testing programs and strategies to promote physical activity(PA)in adolescents,14 global inactivity levels remain persistently high.Based on self-report data from 1.6 million schoolgoing adolescents from 146 countries,Guthold et al.5 confirmed previous urgent calls to get adolescents more active.Researchers from the World Health Organization(WHO)recently published global prevalence rates and the first ever global time trends for insufficient PA in youth.They reported that more than 80%of school-going adolescents globally did not meet the current recommendations of at least 1 h of PA per day.
基金supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council(NHMRC)of Australia(1045204)supported by an NHMRC Principal Research Fellowship(APP1080914)supported by a National Heart Foundation of Australia Future Leader Fellowship(ID 101895)。
文摘Background:Low cardiorespiratory fitness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality,and interventions that increase fitness reduce risk.Water-walking decreases musculoskeletal impact and risk of falls in older individuals,but it is unclear whether water-walking improves aerobic fitness in the same way as weight-dependent land-walking.This randomized controlled trial involved 3 intervention groups—a no-exercise control group(CG),a land-walking(LW)group,and a water-walking(WW)group—to investigate the comparative impacts of LWandWWto CG on fitness.Methods:Both exercise groups attended individually tailored,center-based,intensity-matched 3×weekly sessions for 24 weeks,which progressed to 150 min of exercise per week.This was followed by a 24-week no-intervention period.Maximal graded exercise tests were performed on a treadmill at Weeks 0,24,and 48.Results:Maximal oxygen uptake increased from Week 0 to Week 24 in both exercise groups(0.57±0.62 mL/kg/min,0.03±0.04 L/min for LW;0.93±0.75 mL/kg/min,0.06±0.06 L/min for WW,mean±SE)compared to the CG(-1.75±0.78 mL/kg/min,-0.16±0.05 L/min)(group×time,p<0.05).Time to exhaustion increased significantly following LW only(123.4±25.5 s),which was significantly greater(p=0.001)than the CG(24.3±18.5 s).By Week 48,the training-induced adaptations in the exercise groups returned to near baseline levels.Conclusion:Our study supports current physical-activity recommendations that 150 min/week of moderate-intensity exercise produces improvements in fitness in previously sedentary older individuals.Also,LW andWW elicit similar improvements in fitness if conducted at the same relative intensities.Exercise-na?ve older individuals can benefit from the lower impact forces and decreased risk of falls associated withWWwithout compromising improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness.
基金supported by the National Plan for Research, Development and Innovation (RDi) Ministry of Science and Innovation (DEP 2010-21662-C04-00)awarded a "Juan de la Cierva" postdoctoral fellowship (FJCI-2015-25867) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy,Industry,and Competitiveness+1 种基金supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (RTI2018-095284-J-100)the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC2019-027287-I)
文摘Background:Children and adolescents can be distinguished by different typologies(clusters) of physical activity and sedentary behavior.How physical activity and sedentary behaviors change over time within different typologies is not known.This study examined longitudinal changes in physical activity and sedentary time among children and adolescents with different baseline typologies of activity-related behavior.Methods:In this longitudinal study(3 annual time points) of children(n=600,age=9.2±0.4 years(mean±SD),50.3% girls) and adolescents(n=1037,age=13.6±1.7 years,48.4% girls),participants were recruited in Spain in 2011-2012.Latent class analyses identified typologies based on self-reported screen,educational,social and relaxing sedentary behaviors,active travel,muscle strengthening activity,and sport at baseline.Within each typology,linear mixed growth models explored longitudinal changes in accelerometer-derived moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time,as well as time by class interactions.Results:Three typologies were identified among children( "social screenies",12.8%;"exercisers",61.5%;and "non-sporty active commuters",25.7%) and among adolescents "active screenies",43.5%;"active academics",35.0%;and "non-sporty active commuters",21.5%) at baseline.Sedentary time increased within each typology among children and adolescents,with no significant differences between typologies.No changes in physical activity were found in any typology among children.In adolescents,physical activity declined within all typologies,with "non-sporty active commuters" declining significantly more than "active screenies" over 3 years.Conclusion:These results support the need for interveation to promote physical activity and prevent increases in sedentary time during childhood and adolescence.Adolescents characterized as "non-sporty active commuters" may require specific interventions to maintain their physical activity over time.
基金funded by the National Institutes for Health (NIH) (R01 HL 111378)AMCA is supported by a Deakin University Postgraduate Research Scholarship (DUPRS)+5 种基金JS was supported by a NHMRC Principal Research Fellowship (APP1026216) during this researchDWD is supported by an NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship (APP1078360)the Victorian Government’s Operational Infrastructure Support ProgramLA is supported by an Alfred Deakin Postdoctoral Research Fellowshipsupported by a National Heart Foundation of Australia Future Leader Fellowship (Award ID 100046) during this researchJS,DWD,and AT received funding support from an NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence Grant (APP1057608)。
文摘Background:While the relationship between sedentary time and adiposity markers may be independent of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA) among adolescents,little is known about the role of light-intensity physical activity(LIPA) in this relationship.The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine whether device-measured LIPA and MVPA moderate the associations between objectively measured sitting time and adiposity markers(body mass index(BMI)) and waist circumference(WC)) among adolescents.Methods:This study included accelerometer and inclinometer data obtained from 219 adolescents(age=14.9±1.6 years,mean± SD),collected during 2014 and 2015 in Melbourne,Australia.ActiGraph GT3 X accelerometers were used to determine time spent in total-LIPA(101 counts/min to 3.99 metabolic equivalents(METs)) was dichotomized into low-LIPA(101-799 counts/min) and high LIPA(800 counts/min to 3.99 METs),and MVPA(> 4 METs).The average time spent sitting was obtained from activPAL inclinometers.Anthropometric measures were assessed by trained staff.Interactions between sitting and total-LIPA,low-LIPA,high-LIPA,and MVPA on BMI z-score(zBMI) and WC z-score(zWC),respectively,were examined using linear regression,adjusting for age and sex;and moderation by total-LIPA,low-LIPA,high-LIPA,and MVPA were examined by adding interaction terms.Significant interaction effects were probed by comparing associations at the mean and at 1 SD below and above the mean.Results:Total-LIPA significantly moderated the association between sitting time and zBMI,and low-LIPA significantly moderated the association between sitting time and zBMI and zWC.No other associations were found for total-LIPA,high-LIPA,or MVPA.Specifically,at high levels of total-LIPA(+1 SD),there is a negative association between sitting time and zBMI.In addition,at high levels of low-LIPA(+1 SD),there is a negative association between sitting time and zBMI and zWC.Conclusion:Associations between sitting and adiposity depended on time spent in total-LIPA and low-LIPA,but not high-LIPA or MVPA.Results suggest that increasing time spent in LIP A may provide protection from the deleterious effects of sitting on adiposity markers among adolescents.Experimental evidence is needed to support these conclusions.
文摘Objective:We reviewed and appraised the existing evidence of in vivo manifestations of residual force enhancement in human skeletal muscles and assessed,through a meta-analysis,the effect of an immediate history of eccentric contraction on the subsequent torque capacity of voluntary and electrically evoked muscle contractions.Methods:Our search was conducted from database inception to May 2020.Descriptive information was extracted from,and quality was assessed for,45 studies.Meta-analyses and metaregressions were used to analyze residual torque enhancement and its dependence on the angular amplitude of the preceding eccentric contraction.Results:Procedures varied across studies with regards to muscle group tested,angular stretch amplitude,randomization of contractions,time window analyzed,and verbal command.Torque capacity in isometric(constant muscle tendon unit length and joint angle)contractions preceded by an eccentric contraction was typically greater compared to purely isometric contractions,and this effect was greater for electrically evoked muscle contractions than voluntary contractions.Residual torque enhancement differed across muscle groups for the voluntary contractions,with a significant enhancement in torque observed for the adductor pollicis,ankle dorsiflexors,ankle plantar flexors,and knee extensors,but not for the elbow and knee flexors.Meta-regressions revealed that the angular amplitude of the eccentric contraction(normalized to the respective joints full range of motion)was not associated with the residual torque enhancement observed.Conclusion:There is evidence of residual torque enhancement for most,but not all,muscle groups,and residual torque enhancement is greater for electrically evoked than for voluntary contractions.Contrary to our hypothesis,and contrary to generally accepted findings on isolated muscle preparations,residual torque enhancement in voluntary and electrically evoked contractions does not seem to depend on the angular amplitude of the preceding eccentric contraction.
文摘Dear Editor We read with interest the editorial by Qiu et at about the psychological distress among the general population in China during the COVID-19 pandemic and policy recommendations.The elderly are more vulnerable to increased mental health problems during COVID-19,which has raised significant challenges for community mental health services.12 Older people with comorbid conditions,including cardiovascular diseases,lung diseases,diabetes and hypertension are more likely to be severely affected and die because of COVID-19,which is caused by SARS-CoV-2.^(3).
文摘Dear editor,We thank Lopes et al.^(1) for their interest in our study and for writing an insightful commentary based on our findings,which were recently published in the Journal of Sport and Health Science,^(2) and for their work.^(3) As noted by the authors,there is consistency in several key findings between our laboratories,and this should serve as a basis for future investigation in this area.We agree that there has been little work examining the effect of high-intensity interval exercise(HIIE)on central arterial stiffness.
文摘What is science?While a simple question,the answer is complex.Science is a process involving human behaviour,and due to the human influence,science is often not pursued correctly.In fact,one can argue that we still do not know what the“correct”pursuit of science should entail.This is because science remains a work in progress,differs for different questions,and we often are not aware of the mistakes made until years,or decades,later.Such mistakes are common,regardless of the discipline.Within exercise physiology,mistakes have been frequent and led to eventual corrections;the replacement of the post-exercise rate of oxygen consumption(VO_(2))debt concept with that of excess post-exercise VO_(2);the invalidation of the cellular production of lactic acid;improvements to maximal heart rate estimation;and on-going debate over the Central Governor Model.Improved training and education in the historical development of science and the contributions from scientific philosophy are important in providing an understanding of science,and more importantly,how to pursue“better”vs.“inferior”forms of science.The writings of Popper and Kuhn are core to enhanced understanding of how to improve the quality of science pursued.Unfortunately,quality education and training in the historical and philosophical development of science remain poor in most countries.Until inadequate educational training is overcome,there is sustained risk for the pursuit of science to remain inadequate,which in turn has a potential widespread detriment to humanity and the planet we live on.
基金supported by the National Institute for Health Researsch (NIHR) DietLifestyle & Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit based at University Hospitals of Leicester and Loughborough University+5 种基金the National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care-East Midlands (NIHR CLAHRC- EM)the Leicester Clinical Trials Unitsupported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Centre for Research Excellence Grant on Sitting Time and Chronic Disease Prevention-Measurement, Mechanisms and Interventions (APP1057608)supported by a Heart Foundation Postdoctoral (PH 12B 7054)NHMRC Career Development (#1086029) Fellowshipsupported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FTE 100100918)
文摘Research indicates that high levels of sedentary behavior(sitting or lying with low energy expenditure) are adversely associated with health. A key factor in improving our understanding of the impact of sedentary behavior(and patterns of sedentary time accumulation) on health is the use of objective measurement tools that collect date and time-stamped activity information. One such tool is the activP AL monitor. This thigh-worn device uses accelerometer-derived information about thigh position to determine the start and end of each period spent sitting/lying, standing, and stepping, as well as stepping speed, step counts, and postural transitions. The activP AL is increasingly being used within field-based research for its ability to measure sitting/lying via posture. We summarise key issues to consider when using the activP AL in physical activity and sedentary behavior field-based research with adult populations. It is intended that the findings and discussion points be informative for researchers who are currently using activP AL monitors or are intending to use them. Pre-data collection decisions, monitor preparation and distribution, data collection considerations, and manual and automated data processing possibilities are presented using examples from current literature and experiences from 2 research groups from the UK and Australia.
基金supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil(CAPES)-Finance Code 001 for PhD fellowship to BMM and master fellowship for LBRO,FAPEAM for PhD fellowship to ESBConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq)research grants for FD.
文摘Background Different periodization models have been widely used to improve maximum and rapid force in aging adults.However,it is unclear if some specific model can influence the remarkable heterogeneity of responsiveness to rapid torque improvements following resistance training.Aims Compare the effects of mixed session periodization(MSP)and traditional(TP)models on neuromuscular performance and individual responsiveness in aging adults.Methods Twenty-two aging men and women(64.6±5.2 years old;1.68±0.1 m;77.8±16.0 kg)completed the intervention period.They were assigned into MSP(n=11)or TP(n=11)resistance training for lower limbs.The outcome measures normalized dynamic leg press(5-RM:BM),absolute and normalized knee isometric peak torque(PT and PT:BM)and rate of torque development,and impulse were assessed at baseline and after three blocks of a 9-wk resistance training(3 sessions per week).Thigh leg lean mass was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after the intervention.Results Similar increases were observed for 5-RM:BM(MSP:28.8%±13.5%and TP:26.4%±7.6%,P<0.001),PT(MSP:223.7±50.7 N·m and TP:189.9±58.6 N·m,P<0.001),but it was not observed for PT:BM(MSP:16.4%±16.5%and TP:4.7%±9.2%,P>0.05).Absolute and normalized RTD remained unchanged throughout intervention(P>0.05),but both groups improved impulse(MSP:22.1%±25.7%and TP:12.6%±45.2%,P<0.001).Only MSP responders(n=5)presented significant time effect for absolute RTD(P<0.05)and impulse(P<0.05).Conclusion Although both periodization protocols increased 5-RM:BM and PT,it was not interchangeable through improve-ments in RTD even adopting power training session.Furthermore,these results suggest a great inter-individual variability following different periodization models for aging people.
文摘Physical activity data in primary school-aged children are limited in Vietnam.Although tools to measure social ecological influences on physical activity are validated in English,they are not available in Vietnamese.Due to cultural and contextual differences,their psychometric properties need to be tested.Five scales were translated into Vietnamese and evaluated for internal consistency and test re-test reliability,including self-efficacy,perceived social influences,and beliefs self-administered by students,and parental support for physical activity and parental perceived safety of the neighbourhood,self-administered by parents.Compared to the original scales,two items from the parental perceived neighbourhood safety were removed due to the cultural context.Another item of the self-efficacy scale was also removed as it correlated poorly with the other items in the scale at both administrations.The adjusted scales were found to be reliable and appropriate for use among students and parents to measure social ecological influences on physical activity in the Vietnamese context.
基金supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship awarded to RU.
文摘The purpose of this study was to identify correlates of changes in physical activity(PA)and sedentary behaviour(SB)among university-based young adults in Bangladesh.Data were from a 1-year prospective study with 2 assessment points(baseline n=573,20.7±1.35 years,45%female;retention rate 69%,analytical sample=395).Participants completed a self-administered written survey on PA,SB,health and lifestyle be-haviours,and sociodemographics.Changes in PA were categorised as:negligible(±<60 min/week),>60 min/week decrease,or>60 min/week increase.Changes in SB were categorised as negligible(±<120 min/week),>120 min/week decrease,and>120 min/week increase.Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify the correlates.About quarters(72%)of participants had insufficient PA at both assessment points.Of those who were sufficiently active at Wave 1,5%became insufficiently active at Wave 2.One quarter of par-ticipants(23%)had high SB at Wave 1 and Wave 2.Of those who had low SB at Wave 1,16%had high SB at Wave 2.Being male[OR=2.04(95%CI:1.06–3.93)],baseline phone time of>2 h/day[OR=3.14(95%CI:1.04–7.04)]and not participating in organised sports at baseline[OR=2.56(95%CI:1.24–5.29)]were associated with a decrease in PA by>60 min/week.Participants who frequently experienced stress at baseline had higher odds of increasing SB by>120 min/day[OR=1.83(95%CI:1.04–3.23)].SB is more variable than PA over 1 year in university-based young adults in Bangladesh.Males,those with high phone time,those not engaging with organised sports,and those with frequent stress may change to a more inactive lifestyle.