Viability of all-solid-state lithium metal battery coupled with oxide solid-state electrolyte and high-capacity cathode

Owing to the utilization of lithium metal as anode with the ultrahigh theoretical capacity density of 3860 mA h g^(-1)and oxide-based ceramic solid-state electrolytes(SE),e.g.,garnet-type Li7La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)(LLZO),all-state-state lithium metal batteries(ASLMBs)have been widely accepted as the promising alternatives for providing the satisfactory energy density and safety.However,its applications are still challenged by plenty of technical and scientific issues.In this contribution,the co-sintering temperature at 500℃is proved as a compromise method to fabricate the composite cathode with structural integrity and declined capacity fading of LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_(2)(NCM).On the other hand,it tends to form weaker grain boundary(GB)inside polycrystalline LLZO at inadequate sintering temperature for LLZO,which can induce the intergranular failure of SE during the growth of Li filament inside the unavoidable defect on the interface of SE.Therefore,increasing the strength of GB,refining the grain to 0.4μm,and precluding the interfacial defect are suggested to postpone the electro-chemo-mechanical failure of SE with weak GB.Moreover,the advanced sintering techniques to lower the co-sintering temperature for both NCM-LLZO composite cathode and LLZO SE can be posted out to realize the viability of state-of-the-art ASLMBs with higher energy density as well as the guaranteed safety.

Recent progress on Sn_(3)O_(4)nanomaterials for photocatalytic applications

Tin(IV)oxide(Sn_(3)O_(4))is layered tin and exhibits mixed valence states.It has emerged as a highly promising visible-light pho-tocatalyst,attracting considerable attention.This comprehensive review is aimed at providing a detailed overview of the latest advance-ments in research,applications,advantages,and challenges associated with Sn_(3)O_(4)photocatalytic nanomaterials.The fundamental con-cepts and principles of Sn_(3)O_(4)are introduced.Sn_(3)O_(4)possesses a unique crystal structure and optoelectronic properties that allow it to ab-sorb visible light efficiently and generate photoexcited charge carriers that drive photocatalytic reactions.Subsequently,strategies for the control and improved performance of Sn_(3)O_(4)photocatalytic nanomaterials are discussed.Morphology control,ion doping,and hetero-structure construction are widely employed in the optimization of the photocatalytic performance of Sn_(3)O_(4)materials.The effective imple-mentation of these strategies improves the photocatalytic activity and stability of Sn_(3)O_(4)nanomaterials.Furthermore,the review explores the diverse applications of Sn_(3)O_(4)photocatalytic nanomaterials in various fields,such as photocatalytic degradation,photocatalytic hydro-gen production,photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide,solar cells,photocatalytic sterilization,and optoelectronic sensors.The discus-sion focuses on the potential of Sn_(3)O_(4)-based nanomaterials in these applications,highlighting their unique attributes and functionalities.Finally,the review provides an outlook on the future development directions in the field and offers guidance for the exploration and de-velopment of novel and efficient Sn_(3)O_(4)-based nanomaterials.Through the identification of emerging research areas and potential avenues for improvement,this review aims to stimulate further advancements in Sn_(3)O_(4)-based photocatalysis and facilitate the translation of this promising technology into practical applications.

Potential role of PANoptosis in neuronal cell death:commentary on"PANoptosis-like cell death in ischemia/reperfusion injury of retinal neurons"

See related article,pp 357-363Extensive neuronal cell death occurs during nervous system development to remove surplus,unwanted,and damaged cells.This is a highly regulated physiological process that plays a pivotal role in nervous system homeostasis and normal development.In some brain regions,more than half of the neurons are removed during normal development without interfering with the remaining cells.This gene-regulated neuronal cell deletion process is called programmed cell death(Fricker et al.,2018).

650V eGaN HEMT短路特性研究

增强型GaN HEMT(eGaN HEMT)可以大幅提升变换器的效率和功率密度,具有广泛的应用前景。但实际应用中由桥臂串扰引起的误导通,以及负载侧短路等都会导致eGaN HEMT流过较大的电流。因此,为了确保eGaN HEMT在过载、短路等工况下安全可靠工作,必须深入探究eGaN HEMT的短路工作原理以及电路参数对其短路特性的影响。本文首先建立了硬开关模式下的短路测试平台对eGaN HEMT的短路过程进行了研究,并利用eGaN HEMT热网络模型,分析了其短路过程中结温变化情况,进一步地探究了不同结温对其短路特性的影响。在此基础上对不同电路参数对eGaN HEMT短路特性的影响进行研究和对比,揭示了影响eGaN HEMT短路特性关键因素,为e GaN HEMT短路保护设计提供了一定的指导。

哥德堡地区基于无线通讯网络的水汽密度监测分析

利用无线通讯网络中的微波链路来监测降雨和水汽等是大气环境监测的新技术之一。这个技术可以测量近地面的降雨强度和水汽密度等气象参数,具有时空分辨率高、成本低等优势。利用瑞典爱立信公司(Ericsson)提供的位于哥德堡地区E频段的微波通讯链路资料、位于链路一端的气象站1资料和由瑞典气象水文研究所(SMHI)气象网站提供的气象站2资料,对2017年06月13日至2017年07月13日近1个月的水汽密度进行反演计算和分析。结果表明:同一区域的不同地点处的气象要素有一定的差异性,同一区域的温度会有一定的浮动(0~4℃),两者之间的相关性为0. 87;微波通讯链路反演的水汽密度结果与研究区域的地面气象站1和气象站2测量结果有很好的一致性,两者之间的相关性分别为0. 89和0. 97,均方根误分别差为0. 75 g m3和0. 79 g m3;利用微波链路,与现有的湿度监测方法相比,可以为现有的天气监测网络提供额外的丰富的数据源。

Mechanisms involved in Helicobacter pylori induced duodenal ulcer disease:an overview

Duodenal ulcer (DU) can be developed viaseveral different mechanisms.Hypersecretion ofgastric acid is,however,a common denominator.Amassive hypersecretion of acid can by itself evoke aDU,e.g.in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.Irrespective of the mechanism behind thedevelopment of a DU,powerful antisecretorytreatment will heal the ulcer and preventrecurrence.

Treatment of periodontal patients - current clinical concepts

The main goal of the treatment of patients with periodontitis is to establish adequate infection control. To satisfy demands for acceptable aesthetics and chewing function with good long-term prognosis in patients with periodontitis requires the establishment of adequate infection control. Pocket instrumentation (scaling and root planing with or without flap elevation), combined with effective self-performed supragingival plaque control measures, constitutes the basic treatment modalities.

Functional findings in irritable bowel syndrome

IBS 的病理生理学复杂、仍然不完全地知道。中央、外部的因素，包括的精神分析聚会因素，反常官方补给的活动性和分泌物，和内脏的超敏性，被认为贡献 IBS 的症状。几研究在 IBS 病人表明了改变的官方补给的运动机能，模式基于占优势的肠模式在 IBS 亚群之间不同。很少研究到目前为止在 IBS 探讨了官方补给的分泌物，但是有一些证据，在 IBS 病人的小肠支持改变的分泌物。内脏的超敏性当前被认为也许是在 IBS 的最重要的 pathophysiological 因素。重要地，几个外部、内部的因素能调制内脏的敏感，以及官方补给的活动性，并且在官方补给的道以内提高应答的海角到例如，应力和营养素在 IBS 病人被表明了。今天 IBS 被看在之上，包含在伤寒的反常功能是所谓的大脑勇气轴的 dysregulation 的混乱，自治或中枢神经系统，与可能在一些病人并且在其它的从圆周的信号的扰乱的中央处理统治的外部改变。

Irritable bowel syndrome subtypes differ in body awareness, psychological symptoms and biochemical stress markers

AIM: To elucidate the differences in somatic, psycho-logical and biochemical pattern between the subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS: Eighty IBS patients, 30 diarrhoea pre-dominant (D-IBS), 16 constipation predominant (C-IBS) and 34 alternating IBS (A-IBS) underwent physi-otherapeutic examinations for dysfunctions in body movements and awareness and were compared to an apparently healthy control group (AHC). All groups an-swered questionnaires for gastrointestinal and psycho-logical symptoms. Biochemical variables were analysed in blood. RESULTS: The D-IBS group showed less body aware-ness, less psychological symptoms, a more normal sense of coherence and psychosocial rating as well as higher C-peptide values. C-IBS had a higher degree of body dysfunction and psychological symptoms, as well as the lowest sense of coherence compared to controls and D-IBS. They also demonstrated the most elevated prolactin levels. A-IBS had the lowest degree of body disturbance, deteriorated quality of life and affected bi-ochemical pattern. All subtypes had higher pain scores compared to controls. In addition they all had signifi -cantly increased triglycerides and elevated morning cortisol levels, however, without statistical signifi cance compared with the controls.CONCLUSION: IBS subtypes showed different pro-files in body awareness, somatic and psychological symptoms and in biochemical variables. D-IBS differed compared to the other groups by lowered body aware-ness, less psychological symptoms and a higher sense of coherence and elevated C-peptide values. C-IBS and A-IBS subtypes suffered more from depression and anxiety, associated with a lower quality of life. These differences may be important and will be taken into account in our treatment of these patients.

Portal vein thrombosis:Prevalence,patient characteristics and lifetime risk:A population study based on 23796 consecutive autopsies

瞄准：估计一生在一般人口的门静脉血栓形成(PVT ) 的累积发生。方法：在 1970 和 1982 之间， 23,796 具尸体，在马尔摩城市人口代表 84% 所有在里面医院死亡，被执行，用包括门静脉的检查的一个 standardised 协议。PVT 病人被描述并且在尸体的 PVT 流行，一生的表情累积发生，在高风险的疾病范畴估计了并且以机会比率和 95% CI 表示了。结果：PVT 的人口流行是 1.0% 。有 PVT 28% 的 254 个病人有肝硬化， 23% 主要并且 44% 第二等的肝胆管恶意， 10% 主要腹的传染或煽动性的疾病并且 3% 有 myeloproliferative 混乱。有肝硬化和肝的癌的病人有最高的 PVT 风险，或 17.1 (95% CI 11.1-26.4 ) 。在 14% ，没有原因被发现；仅仅，少数他们开发了 portal-hypertension-related 复杂并发症。结论：在这基于人口的研究， PVT 比由以前的临床的系列显示被发现更普通。显著地，在肝硬化和肝的癌的过量风险应该在指导干预的未来的研究可能为被考虑的这些病人保证增加的了解。

在转型国家中创造社会信任

苏维埃体制失败之后,就如何向西方式民主和市场经济转变这一问题,在“休克疗法”和渐进主义路线之间展开了一场激烈的争论。但在社会转型过程中的制度变革并不会自动带来“社会信任机制”的变革。本文针对在后社会主义转型中创造社会信任问题进行了深入的探讨和分析。

Serum interleukin-1 receptor antagonist is an early indicator of colitis onset in Gαi2-deficient mice

AIM:To study the serum concentration of IL-1β,IL-1receptor antagonist(IL-1Ra)and IL-18 in Gαi2-deficientmice at the age of 6(healthy),12(pre-colitic)and 24 wk(colitic)and in healthy control mice.METHODS:At the time of killing,serum sampleswere collected and IL-1β,IL-1Ra and IL-18 levels weremeasured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.RESULTS:Serum concentration of IL-1Ra wassignifcantly increased in pre-colitic(median:524 ng/L;P=0.02)and colitic(450 ng/L;P=0.01),but not inhealthy(196 ng/L)Gαi2-deficient mice as compared withcontrols(217 ng/L).Serum concentrations of IL-1β didnot differ between Gαi2-deficient mice and their controls,irrespective of age,IL-18 was significantly increased incolitic,but not in pre-colitic mice compared with controls(510 ng/L vs 190 ng/L;P=0.05).CONCLUSION:The increased serum concentrations ofIL-18 and IL-1Ra in established diseases are suggestedas markers of ongoing colitis.Interestingly,thesignificantly increased serum concentration of IL-1Ra inpre-colitic mice is found to be an early marker of diseaseprogression.

Body awareness therapy: A new strategy for relief of symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome patients

AIM: To compare irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) pa- tients with apparently healthy persons and to evaluate body awareness therapy, which is a physiotherapeutic remedy focusing on normalising tensions in the body, for the treatment of IBS with the hypothesis that altered body tension is associated with the syndrome. METHODS: Twenty-one IBS patients received body awareness therapy two hours weekly for 24 wk. At base- line as well as after 12 and 24 wk, they underwent ex- aminations including resource oriented body examination in combination with body awareness scale evaluation and f illed in gastrointestinal and psychological symptom questionnaires. Saliva cortisol was analysed. A group of 21 apparently healthy persons underwent the same ex- aminations once. RESULTS: Compared to the apparently healthy group, IBS patients scored higher at baseline for gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms. They showed more often alterations in normal body tension patterns, as well as deviating cortisol slopes in saliva. After 24 wk of body awareness therapy, their gastrointestinal and psychologi- cal symptoms were reduced overall. Somatic symptoms decreased in parallel with depressive symptoms. Whole body pain score decreased, coping ability as well as bio- chemical stress markers improved. CONCLUSION: IBS patients scored higher for gastroin- testinal and psychological symptoms, and presented with altered biochemical stress markers. Their body tension deviated compared to healthy controls. Furthermore,body awareness therapy gave relief of both somatic com- plaints, psychological symptoms and normalised body tension. These findings indicate that distorted tension constitutes an important part of the symptoms in IBS.

慢性心衰伴和不伴左室收缩功能障碍患者中心房纤颤和临床事件发生风险:来自坎地沙坦降低心衰发病率和死亡率评估(CHARM)研究的结果

Objectives: We assessed the risk of adverse cardiovascular(CV) outcomes associated with atrial fibrillation(AF) in the Candesartan in Heart failure-Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity(CHARM) program, which enrolled patients with chronic heart failure(CHF) and a broad range of ejection fractions(EFs). Background: Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of adverse CV outcomes in patients with CHF and reduced EF. The risk of AF in patients with CHF and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction(PEF) is unknown. Methods: A total of 7,599 patients with symptomatic CHF were randomized to candesartan or placebo. Patients were divided by baseline EF(≤40%or >40%) in low or preserved EF groups. Major outcomes were cardiovascular death or hospitalization for worsening heart failure, and all cause mortality. Median follow-up was 37.7 months. Results: A total of 670(17%) patients in the low EF group and 478(19%) in the PEF group had AF at baseline. Atrial fibrillation predicted a high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality regardless of baseline EF. Patients with AF and low EF had the highest absolute risk for adverse CV outcomes. However, AF was associated with greater relative increased risk of the major outcomes in patients with PEF than in patients with low EF: hazard ratio 1.72(95%confidence interval[CI] 1.45 to 2.06)versus 1.29(95%CI 1.14 to 1.46), respectively. The same was true for the risk of all-cause mortality. Candesartan was associated with similar treatment effects regardless of baseline rhythm. Conclusions: Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of CV outcomes in patients with CHF and either reduced EF or PEF. Candesartan improved outcomes similarly regardless of baseline rhythm.

Intrapartum application of the continuous glucose monitoring system in pregnancies complicated with diabetes: A review and feasibility study

Intrapartum maternal normoglycemia seems to play an important role in the prevention of adverse perinatal, maternal and neonatal outcomes. Several glucose monitoring protocols have been developed, aiming to achieve a tight glucose monitoring and control. Depending on the type of diabetes and the optimal or suboptimal glycemic control, the treatment options include fasting status of the parturient, frequent monitoring of capillary blood glucose, intravenous dextrose infusion and subcutaneous or intravenous use of insulin. Continuous glucose monitoring system(CGMS) is a relatively new technology that measures interstitial glucose at very short time intervals over a specifi c period of time. The resulting profi le provides a more comprehensive measure of glycemic excursions than intermittent home blood glucose monitoring. Results of studies applying the CGMS technology in patients with or without diabetes mellitus(DM) have revealed new insights in glucose metabolism. Moreover, CGMS have a potential role in the improvement of glycemic control during pregnancy and labor, which may lead to a decrease in perinatal morbidity and mortality. In conclusion, the use of CGMS, with its important technical advantages compared to the conventional way of monitoring, may lead into a more etiological intrapartum management of both the mother and her fetus/infant in pregnancies complicated with DM.

Explanation of Unusual Photoluminescence Behavior from InAs Quantum Dots with InAlAs Capping

The effect of different kinds of cap layers on optical property of InAs quantum dots （QDs） on GaAs （100） substrate was studied. Temperature dependent photoluminescence （PL） indicates that the PL integrated intensity from the ground state of InAs QDs capped with an intermediate InAIAs layer drops very little as compared to QDs capped with a thin InGaAs or GaAs cap layer from 15 K up to room temperature. PL integrated intensity ratio of the first excited to ground states for InAs QDs capped with an intermediate InAIAs layer is unexpectedly decreased with increasing temperature, which are attributed to phonon bottleneck effect. A virtual barrier is proposed to describe this physics process and shows good agreement with experimental results when fitting the curve with the value of the virtual barrier 30 meV.

哮喘、糖尿病、青少年慢性关节炎或身材矮小症患儿的健康相关性生活质量调查

Aim: 1) To assess the reliability and validity of the Swedish version of the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ), 2) to determine the correlation between children’ s and parents’ responses to the CHQ, and 3) to describe and compare responses to the CHQ of four diagnostic groups. Methods: A total of 199 Swedish children aged 9- 16 with diagnoses of asthma (n = 53), diabetes (n = 48), short stature (n = 51) and juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA, n = 47) and their parents answered the CHQ and relevant validation instruments at a clinic check- up. Coefficient alphas were determined for all dimensions of the instrument, and all but four had acceptable to very good reliability (0.75- 0.94). Results: Concerning construct validity, the CHQ correlated significantly with appropriate dimensions of the validation instruments. In general, there were significant correlations between the children’ s and parents’ responses. Comparisons between the diagnostic groups showed several significant differences. The short stature group had the highest quality of life and the JCA group the lowest. There were no sex differences, but children who had not reached puberty scored better on the dimensions of mental health and self- esteem. Conclusion: The Swedish version of the CHQ is a reliable and valid instrument. Furthermore, it is recommended to ask children themselves about their healthrelated quality of life.

胃肠道间质瘤KIT外显子11缺失与预后不良有关

Background &Aims: Gain-of-function mutations in the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase gene and rare mutations in the platelet derived growth factor receptor α(PDGFRA) gene are important events in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) development. Different mutations are reportedly associated with distinctive phenotypes and possibly clinical behavior. We investigated the correlation among mutation type, phenotype, and clinical course in a preimatinib, population-based series of GIST with long-term follow-up. Methods: Genomic DNA from 177 GIST patients was analyzed for KIT exons 9, 11, 13, and 17 and PDGFRA exons 12 and 18 mutations using denaturating high-performance liquid chromatography and bidirectional sequencing. Results:KIT exon 11 mutations were detected in 101 of 177 GIST (61 deletions, 23 missense mutations, and 17 duplications); wild-type (WT) KIT and PDGFRA were detected in 63; KIT exon 9 and exon 17 mutations in 6 and 1, respectively; and PDGFRA exons 12 and 18 mutations in 3 each. GIST >5 cm vs GIST ≤1 cm had mutations in 73%and 33%, respectively. KIT exon 11 deletions were significantly associated with a higher proportion of high risk or overtly malignant groups compared with WT GIST.KIT exon 11 deletions adversely affected outcome. KIT exon 11 duplications and exon 9 mutations were found exclusively in gastric and small intestinal GIST, respectively. Conclusions: KIT exon 11 deletion is an independent adverse prognostic factor in patients with GIST.

母体因素、生后营养、体重增加和性别在调节早产儿血清IGF-I中的作用

IGF- I is important for somatic growth and development of the human fetus an d neonate. IGF- I also plays an important role in normal vascularization of hum an retina, as it has been suggested that insufficient IGF- I may be a factor in the development of retinopathy of prematurity. The principal regulator of the b ioavailability of IGF- I in the circulation is IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP- 3 ). The aim of this study was to study factors associated with postnatal serum co ncentrations of IGF- I and of IGFBP- 3 in preterm infants from birth to an age corresponding to 40 wk postmenstruation. We conducted a prospective, longitudin al study in which we measured serum IGF- I and IGFBP- 3 concentrations in 76 p reterm infants from birth (postmenstrual ages 23- 32 wk) until discharge from h ospital around 40 wk. Information regarding nutrition, weight gain, maternal fac tors, and treatment with corticosteroids were collected weekly. Variables found to be associated with postnatal change over time of serum IGF- I and IGFBP- 3 were postmenstrual age (p < 0.001), weight gain (standard deviation score) (p < 0.001), and enteral intake of protein (p < 0.001). Male gender was associated wi th lower IGF- I levels (p < 0.001). The relationship between protein intake and IGF- I (and also between protein intake and IGFBP- 3) was positive, as was th e relationship between weight gain and IGF- I (and between weight gain and IGFB P- 3). These results indicate that the degree of prematurity, low enteral prote in intake, male gender, and slow weight gain are associated with a slower postna tal increase of IGF- I in preterm infants.

婴儿肠道内肠杆菌定殖减少而葡萄球菌定殖增多:卫生生活方式的作用?

The modern Western lifestyle may have altered the composition of the commensal microflora. Here,we investigated the first year’s intestinal colonization pattern in 99 vaginally delivered Swedish infants and 17 delivered by cesarean section. Rectal swabs obtained at 3 d of age were cultured for aerobic bacteria and fecal samples obtained at 1,2,4,and 8 wk and at 6 and 12 mo of age were cultivated quantitatively for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Vaginally delivered infants more often had Escherichia coli compared with cesarean section-delivered infants,whereas the latter more frequently earned other enterobacteria,such as Klebsiella and Enterobacter. Independent of delivery mode,it took 2 mo until most infants were colonized by enterobacteria,traditionally the first colonizers. In contrast,coagulase-negative staphylococci colonized 99%of the infants from d 3 onwards. The poor adaptation of staphylococci to the gut was shown by declining population sizes after some weeks. Dominating anaerobes were initially bifidobacteria and clostridia,whereas Bacteroides initially colonized only 30%of vaginally delivered infants and increased very slowly in prevalence. Bacteroides colonization was delayed up to 1 y in cesarean section-delivered compared with vaginally delivered infants. Our results show that some “traditional”fecal bacteria are acquired late today especially in cesarean section-delivered infants,probably due to limited environmental circulation. In their absence,skin bacteria like staphylococci have become the first gut colonizers.