In terms of their understanding of science, 20^th century Chinese philosophers fall into four schools headed by Ding Wenjiang and Hu Shi, Zhang Dongsun, Mou Zongsan and Feng Qi respectively.
From their ignorance and contempt for basic human rights and freedom of belief the diehard conservative officialdom of the Ming and Qing dynasties adopted a caustic attitude toward Catholic and Protestant churches fro...From their ignorance and contempt for basic human rights and freedom of belief the diehard conservative officialdom of the Ming and Qing dynasties adopted a caustic attitude toward Catholic and Protestant churches from the West. Undertaking long journeys, the missionaries went to China to preach the gospel. This in itself constitutes a proclamation to Chinese men of letters that freedom of belief itself is a cardinal hallmark in the concept of human rights. The generousness and benevolence shown by the missionaries were in a sharp contrast with the mandarins＇ unkindness and acrimony. The latter knew nothing but blind defense of their national dignity, since they boasted that China was ＂the celestial kingdom＂ or the ＂divine land beneath heaven.＂ From this historical fact we may know that this insularity gave rise to an irreconcilably obstinate attitude towards the alien faiths in a closed country.展开更多
文摘In terms of their understanding of science, 20^th century Chinese philosophers fall into four schools headed by Ding Wenjiang and Hu Shi, Zhang Dongsun, Mou Zongsan and Feng Qi respectively.
文摘From their ignorance and contempt for basic human rights and freedom of belief the diehard conservative officialdom of the Ming and Qing dynasties adopted a caustic attitude toward Catholic and Protestant churches from the West. Undertaking long journeys, the missionaries went to China to preach the gospel. This in itself constitutes a proclamation to Chinese men of letters that freedom of belief itself is a cardinal hallmark in the concept of human rights. The generousness and benevolence shown by the missionaries were in a sharp contrast with the mandarins＇ unkindness and acrimony. The latter knew nothing but blind defense of their national dignity, since they boasted that China was ＂the celestial kingdom＂ or the ＂divine land beneath heaven.＂ From this historical fact we may know that this insularity gave rise to an irreconcilably obstinate attitude towards the alien faiths in a closed country.
