This paper reviews alternative market equilibrium models for policy analysis. The origin of spatial equilibrium models and their application to wood and wood-processing industries are described. Three mathematical pro...This paper reviews alternative market equilibrium models for policy analysis. The origin of spatial equilibrium models and their application to wood and wood-processing industries are described. Three mathematical programming models commonly applied to solve spatial problems - namely linear programming, non-linear programming and mixed complementary programming - are reviewed in terms of forms of objective functions and constraint equalities and inequalities. These programming are illustrated with numerical examples. Linear programming is only applied in transportation problems to solve quantities trans, ported between regions when quantities supplied and demanded in each region are already known. It is argued that linear programming can be applied in broader context to transportation problems where supply and demand quantities are unknown and are linear. In this context, linear programming is seen as a more convenient method for modelers because it has a simpler objective function and does not require as strict conditions, for instance the equal numbers of variables and equations required in mixed complementary programming. Finally, some critical insights are provided on the interpretation of optimal solutions generated by solving spatial equilibrium models.展开更多
There are essential differences between the current status of farmers in China and "farmer" as a profession; this disparity remains to be a barrier to agricultural modernization. Since reform and opening up,...There are essential differences between the current status of farmers in China and "farmer" as a profession; this disparity remains to be a barrier to agricultural modernization. Since reform and opening up, changes in social economic structure have prompted the professionalization of farmers. To realize this trend and promote this transformation will be of significant importance to Chinese agricultural modernization.展开更多
Information technology education has played a more important role under the background of“Internet+”.However,a combination of education and information technology is only limited between online teaching platforms an...Information technology education has played a more important role under the background of“Internet+”.However,a combination of education and information technology is only limited between online teaching platforms and massive open online courses(MOOC).This paper proposes a visual teaching system based on cloud computing and big data techniques via combing virtual and real techniques online and offline to provide rich teaching resources for students.It can also use the digital human-computer interaction answering function to address students’questions.Additionally,it can provide a medium for young teachers to quickly improve their professional teaching skills.This paper aims to achieve a multimedia system via integrating“Internet+”technology with education to help improve talent training and abilities of young teachers.展开更多
Chinese OFDI—both in total and in LAC—has qualitatively different conditions and characteristics from any other FDI coming into the region.From a Latin American perspective China’s OFDI is surprisingly coherent wit...Chinese OFDI—both in total and in LAC—has qualitatively different conditions and characteristics from any other FDI coming into the region.From a Latin American perspective China’s OFDI is surprisingly coherent with FDI,trade and overall development strategies,and parallel to incentives and an institutional framework.展开更多
The paper introduces about the rural surplus labor transfer.According to the paper,the transfer of rural surplus labor in China presents such fundamental characteristics as randomness and non-thoroughness,scope and fi...The paper introduces about the rural surplus labor transfer.According to the paper,the transfer of rural surplus labor in China presents such fundamental characteristics as randomness and non-thoroughness,scope and field constraint,and hysteretic nature of employment and industrial structure conversion.Besides,the causes of the difficulties in the transfer of rural surplus labor lie in the barriers from the system and policy,structural imbalance of industry and low quality of rural labor.The paper studies the correlation between the quality and the transfer of rural surplus labor FORCE in a systematical way from three aspects,which are the correlations between rural labor quality and the transfer difficulty & speed,the transfer scope & field and the employment stability & income after transfer respectively.Moreover,the paper carries out analysis of the special effects of vocational education on the transfer of rural surplus labor in China,which shows that vocational education is a help in the improvement of cultural qualities,labor skills and physical & mental health of rural labor.展开更多
The proposal of supply–side structural reform in the cultural sector is based on theoretical inspiration from the economic sector and actual issues in the cultural sector. A proper understanding of the proposal is cr...The proposal of supply–side structural reform in the cultural sector is based on theoretical inspiration from the economic sector and actual issues in the cultural sector. A proper understanding of the proposal is crucial to the implementation of the reform which should be based on the backgrounds of macroscopic reform and cultural development of the country as well as the need for theoretical innovation. The reform should be carried out with a clear understanding of China's current conditions, a clarification of the reform thinking, the similarities and differences of supply–side structural reforms between the cultural and the economic sectors, as well as an analysis of issues related to the "supply–side" and "structure" in the cultural sector. Concerted efforts from the government through guidance, and market entities through operation should be made to apply appropriately to the reform principle of "unity of doubles effects." Innovations, especially those in technology and institutions, should be promoted as a new momentum to drive cultural development. Concerted efforts from the government and enterprises should underpin optimal supply and a mechanism for competition should be established to ensure effective supply in the cultural sector. In the meantime, the upgrading of demand should be used as a new guidance for effective supply and investment should be oriented to supplement the need for public cultural services. Attention should be paid to a satisfaction–oriented approach to fill the gaps in cultural consumption. For the cultural industry and undertakings, it is now the prime time which brings along great opportunities for development and challenges for reform. From now on the cultural sector should seek its development from transformation and upgrading. Supported by the central government through policy incentives and driven by technological innovations and the capital markets, the cultural industry will maintain stable growth for a relatively long period. In the implementation of supply–side structural reform in a well–organized and all–round way, governments, markets, enterprises, and the industry should each perform their functions and make concerted efforts for innovation to jointly promote the sound development and sustainable growth of the cultural sector.展开更多
This study explores whether manager mobility can influence syndications between private equity(PE)firms by constructing coupling network models.Using data from China’s private equity market from 1993 to 2017,we found...This study explores whether manager mobility can influence syndications between private equity(PE)firms by constructing coupling network models.Using data from China’s private equity market from 1993 to 2017,we found that driving forces,resistant forces,and network structure play significant roles in determining resource flows between PE firms.Specifically,driving forces indicate that managers moving from domestic and foreign PE firms to state-owned PE firms are more likely to induce syndications.Furthermore,if the manager is promoted when changing jobs,mobility is likely to enhance the flow of resources.Resistant forces indicate that increased geographical distance reduces syndications.As for the influence of structure,if managers leave PE firms with higher status,they are more likely to induce syndications.This study contributes to the coupling network literature by providing a clarified three-factor framework.By exploring the characteristic of managers in state-owned private equity firms,we specified the syndication theory in China.This study can help private equity firms hire valuable managers and expand syndication networks in practice.展开更多
Data factors have become one of the five essential production factors,but their role in economic growth has always been ambiguous.Starting from AI technologies,this paper establishes an endogenous growth model of data...Data factors have become one of the five essential production factors,but their role in economic growth has always been ambiguous.Starting from AI technologies,this paper establishes an endogenous growth model of data factors affecting economic growth,constructs the generation path and value path of data factors,and estimates the value of new data factors at the provincial level in China from 1999 to 2018 accordingly.Based on theoretical analyses and empirical tests,it clarifes that data factors have a“two-dimensional driving effect”on China's economic growth,that is,data factors can drive growth both directly through its own economic growth effect and indirectly by promoting technological progress.Furthermore,this paper makes three extended discussions,aiming to make a trial study on the impacts of local government big data transaction platforms on data factors and their growth effects,discuss whether it is possible to reduce the uncertainties of local economic policy based on the nature of data factors,and make a preliminary survey of the output elasticity of data factors between 1999 and 2018.展开更多
Using the data of China's OFDI in more than 150 host countries or regions for the period of 1991-2009, in this paper we examine the underlying motivations and locational determinants of China's OFDI, with a fo...Using the data of China's OFDI in more than 150 host countries or regions for the period of 1991-2009, in this paper we examine the underlying motivations and locational determinants of China's OFDI, with a focus on the role of natural resources and technology. Our findings indicate that the host country's natural resource abundance, interacted with its institutional quality, is a crucial determinant of China's OFDI. There is strong evidence that in the recent period of 2003-2009, the host country's overall natural resource abundance, oil abundance and metal abundance had a sizable positive effect on China's OFDI. In particular, China's OFDI was driven to resource-abundant countries with poor institutional quality and governance, and this pattern was strongest for oil but not metal resources. However, we find little evidence supporting the resourceseeking motivation in the pre-2003 period. Furthermore, we find strong evidence for the technology-exploiting motivation but not for the technology-seeking hypothesis. We show that, when the host is a lowincome country, China's OFDI increases if the host country's technology is more backward, indicating that Chinese investors might be taking advantage of their technology gap relative to the local firms.展开更多
In this paper, we investigate the nonlinear fractional difference equation with nonlocal fractional boundary conditions. We derive the Green's function for this problem and show that it satisfies certain propertie...In this paper, we investigate the nonlinear fractional difference equation with nonlocal fractional boundary conditions. We derive the Green's function for this problem and show that it satisfies certain properties. Some existence results are obtained by means of nonlinear alternative of Leray-Schauder type theorem and Krasnosel-skii's fixed point theorem.展开更多
Empirical study using a time-varying parameter model indicates that since the reform and opening up of China,its industrial structure upgrade has had an increasingly significant stabilizing effect on the amplitude of ...Empirical study using a time-varying parameter model indicates that since the reform and opening up of China,its industrial structure upgrade has had an increasingly significant stabilizing effect on the amplitude of economic fluctuations.A further analysis using a TGARCH model reveals that the three major industrial sectors have asymmetrical effects on the size of macroeconomic fluctuation:the primary industry(extraction)has little effect;the secondary industry(manufacturing)has a leverage effect mainly caused by heavy industry;the tertiary industry(services)has a clear stabilizing effect,with the effect of transportation,logistics,the postal industry,housing-catering services,and other service industries being most significant,and the effect of wholesale,retail,the finance industry and real estate being less significant due to their own large fluctuations.The policy implications of the findings are that to maintain stable growth in the economy,China should optimize the relations of the three major industrial sectors,and further push for the upgrading of the industrial structure,especially the development of the tertiary industry.展开更多
In the absence of household data, this article attempts to convert variables to build a public expenditure incidence assessment model by using middle-level data to analyse and explain the disequilibrium between the ri...In the absence of household data, this article attempts to convert variables to build a public expenditure incidence assessment model by using middle-level data to analyse and explain the disequilibrium between the rich and poor in their public expenditure benefits. By using China's provincial data to validate this model, we have found a lack of sufficient public security services for the rich; an increase in cultural, educational and healthcare provisions as well as social relief for the poor over recent years; a lack of social security services for the poor; the availability of immediate economic services, but a lack of those with long-term benefits to the poor; the provision of subsidies to the rich and the furnishing of special-purpose services and support to the poor. The disparity in the provision of public services is primarily attributable to economic strength, economic deficiency, public preference and the government financial transfer payment mechanism. Last but not least, the paper presents some policy recommendations.展开更多
Recently,China’s economic growth pattern was criticized because it has not engendered corresponding employment growth.We analyze a number of factors such as changing employment elasticity,labour demand and wage level...Recently,China’s economic growth pattern was criticized because it has not engendered corresponding employment growth.We analyze a number of factors such as changing employment elasticity,labour demand and wage level to assess employment growth in the non-agricultural sector, finding that the employment rate has increased rapidly in the past decade. The notion that China doesn’t have any employment growth is a myth. The forthcoming Lewis Turning-Point in China’s labous market will be a great challenge for the next stage of sustainable growth.展开更多
Against the background of high-speed development and the continuing deepening of market-oriented reform there have appeared at least the following three unique contradictions in the disequilibrium of China's econo...Against the background of high-speed development and the continuing deepening of market-oriented reform there have appeared at least the following three unique contradictions in the disequilibrium of China's economic growth:展开更多
文摘This paper reviews alternative market equilibrium models for policy analysis. The origin of spatial equilibrium models and their application to wood and wood-processing industries are described. Three mathematical programming models commonly applied to solve spatial problems - namely linear programming, non-linear programming and mixed complementary programming - are reviewed in terms of forms of objective functions and constraint equalities and inequalities. These programming are illustrated with numerical examples. Linear programming is only applied in transportation problems to solve quantities trans, ported between regions when quantities supplied and demanded in each region are already known. It is argued that linear programming can be applied in broader context to transportation problems where supply and demand quantities are unknown and are linear. In this context, linear programming is seen as a more convenient method for modelers because it has a simpler objective function and does not require as strict conditions, for instance the equal numbers of variables and equations required in mixed complementary programming. Finally, some critical insights are provided on the interpretation of optimal solutions generated by solving spatial equilibrium models.
文摘There are essential differences between the current status of farmers in China and "farmer" as a profession; this disparity remains to be a barrier to agricultural modernization. Since reform and opening up, changes in social economic structure have prompted the professionalization of farmers. To realize this trend and promote this transformation will be of significant importance to Chinese agricultural modernization.
基金This research work was financially supported by the Shanghai Board of Education (2012-SHNGE-06ZD), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project (2013M531157), and The Ministry of Education of Youth Fund Project of Humanities and Social Sciences Research(14YJC790152).
基金This research work was financially supported by the Shanghai Board of Education (2012-SHNGE-06ZD) , China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project (2013M531157) , and The Ministry of Education of Youth Fund Project of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (14YJC790152)
基金supported in part by the Ideological and Political Education of Financial Decision Support System under KVSZZZ202315in part by Collaborative Education by the Ministry of Education under 220501210164954in part by Teaching Education Reform of NPU under 06410-23GZ230106。
文摘Information technology education has played a more important role under the background of“Internet+”.However,a combination of education and information technology is only limited between online teaching platforms and massive open online courses(MOOC).This paper proposes a visual teaching system based on cloud computing and big data techniques via combing virtual and real techniques online and offline to provide rich teaching resources for students.It can also use the digital human-computer interaction answering function to address students’questions.Additionally,it can provide a medium for young teachers to quickly improve their professional teaching skills.This paper aims to achieve a multimedia system via integrating“Internet+”technology with education to help improve talent training and abilities of young teachers.
文摘Chinese OFDI—both in total and in LAC—has qualitatively different conditions and characteristics from any other FDI coming into the region.From a Latin American perspective China’s OFDI is surprisingly coherent with FDI,trade and overall development strategies,and parallel to incentives and an institutional framework.
基金Supported by Initial Funding Program for Scientific Research in Chongqing University of Technology (2010ZD02)
文摘The paper introduces about the rural surplus labor transfer.According to the paper,the transfer of rural surplus labor in China presents such fundamental characteristics as randomness and non-thoroughness,scope and field constraint,and hysteretic nature of employment and industrial structure conversion.Besides,the causes of the difficulties in the transfer of rural surplus labor lie in the barriers from the system and policy,structural imbalance of industry and low quality of rural labor.The paper studies the correlation between the quality and the transfer of rural surplus labor FORCE in a systematical way from three aspects,which are the correlations between rural labor quality and the transfer difficulty & speed,the transfer scope & field and the employment stability & income after transfer respectively.Moreover,the paper carries out analysis of the special effects of vocational education on the transfer of rural surplus labor in China,which shows that vocational education is a help in the improvement of cultural qualities,labor skills and physical & mental health of rural labor.
基金staged result of the"Studies on Supply–side Issues in the Cultural Sector"(No.:16@ZH006)program sponsored by the National Social Science Fund of China
文摘The proposal of supply–side structural reform in the cultural sector is based on theoretical inspiration from the economic sector and actual issues in the cultural sector. A proper understanding of the proposal is crucial to the implementation of the reform which should be based on the backgrounds of macroscopic reform and cultural development of the country as well as the need for theoretical innovation. The reform should be carried out with a clear understanding of China's current conditions, a clarification of the reform thinking, the similarities and differences of supply–side structural reforms between the cultural and the economic sectors, as well as an analysis of issues related to the "supply–side" and "structure" in the cultural sector. Concerted efforts from the government through guidance, and market entities through operation should be made to apply appropriately to the reform principle of "unity of doubles effects." Innovations, especially those in technology and institutions, should be promoted as a new momentum to drive cultural development. Concerted efforts from the government and enterprises should underpin optimal supply and a mechanism for competition should be established to ensure effective supply in the cultural sector. In the meantime, the upgrading of demand should be used as a new guidance for effective supply and investment should be oriented to supplement the need for public cultural services. Attention should be paid to a satisfaction–oriented approach to fill the gaps in cultural consumption. For the cultural industry and undertakings, it is now the prime time which brings along great opportunities for development and challenges for reform. From now on the cultural sector should seek its development from transformation and upgrading. Supported by the central government through policy incentives and driven by technological innovations and the capital markets, the cultural industry will maintain stable growth for a relatively long period. In the implementation of supply–side structural reform in a well–organized and all–round way, governments, markets, enterprises, and the industry should each perform their functions and make concerted efforts for innovation to jointly promote the sound development and sustainable growth of the cultural sector.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-TP-22-063A1)the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71874099).
文摘This study explores whether manager mobility can influence syndications between private equity(PE)firms by constructing coupling network models.Using data from China’s private equity market from 1993 to 2017,we found that driving forces,resistant forces,and network structure play significant roles in determining resource flows between PE firms.Specifically,driving forces indicate that managers moving from domestic and foreign PE firms to state-owned PE firms are more likely to induce syndications.Furthermore,if the manager is promoted when changing jobs,mobility is likely to enhance the flow of resources.Resistant forces indicate that increased geographical distance reduces syndications.As for the influence of structure,if managers leave PE firms with higher status,they are more likely to induce syndications.This study contributes to the coupling network literature by providing a clarified three-factor framework.By exploring the characteristic of managers in state-owned private equity firms,we specified the syndication theory in China.This study can help private equity firms hire valuable managers and expand syndication networks in practice.
基金“Research on System Regulation on High-quality Supply of Data Factors under the Framework of‘Market+Government+Community’Collaborative Governance”,a National Social Science Fund Project for 2022.(22BJL033).
文摘Data factors have become one of the five essential production factors,but their role in economic growth has always been ambiguous.Starting from AI technologies,this paper establishes an endogenous growth model of data factors affecting economic growth,constructs the generation path and value path of data factors,and estimates the value of new data factors at the provincial level in China from 1999 to 2018 accordingly.Based on theoretical analyses and empirical tests,it clarifes that data factors have a“two-dimensional driving effect”on China's economic growth,that is,data factors can drive growth both directly through its own economic growth effect and indirectly by promoting technological progress.Furthermore,this paper makes three extended discussions,aiming to make a trial study on the impacts of local government big data transaction platforms on data factors and their growth effects,discuss whether it is possible to reduce the uncertainties of local economic policy based on the nature of data factors,and make a preliminary survey of the output elasticity of data factors between 1999 and 2018.
文摘Using the data of China's OFDI in more than 150 host countries or regions for the period of 1991-2009, in this paper we examine the underlying motivations and locational determinants of China's OFDI, with a focus on the role of natural resources and technology. Our findings indicate that the host country's natural resource abundance, interacted with its institutional quality, is a crucial determinant of China's OFDI. There is strong evidence that in the recent period of 2003-2009, the host country's overall natural resource abundance, oil abundance and metal abundance had a sizable positive effect on China's OFDI. In particular, China's OFDI was driven to resource-abundant countries with poor institutional quality and governance, and this pattern was strongest for oil but not metal resources. However, we find little evidence supporting the resourceseeking motivation in the pre-2003 period. Furthermore, we find strong evidence for the technology-exploiting motivation but not for the technology-seeking hypothesis. We show that, when the host is a lowincome country, China's OFDI increases if the host country's technology is more backward, indicating that Chinese investors might be taking advantage of their technology gap relative to the local firms.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11161049)
文摘In this paper, we investigate the nonlinear fractional difference equation with nonlocal fractional boundary conditions. We derive the Green's function for this problem and show that it satisfies certain properties. Some existence results are obtained by means of nonlinear alternative of Leray-Schauder type theorem and Krasnosel-skii's fixed point theorem.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:11AZD037 and 12CJL016)
文摘Empirical study using a time-varying parameter model indicates that since the reform and opening up of China,its industrial structure upgrade has had an increasingly significant stabilizing effect on the amplitude of economic fluctuations.A further analysis using a TGARCH model reveals that the three major industrial sectors have asymmetrical effects on the size of macroeconomic fluctuation:the primary industry(extraction)has little effect;the secondary industry(manufacturing)has a leverage effect mainly caused by heavy industry;the tertiary industry(services)has a clear stabilizing effect,with the effect of transportation,logistics,the postal industry,housing-catering services,and other service industries being most significant,and the effect of wholesale,retail,the finance industry and real estate being less significant due to their own large fluctuations.The policy implications of the findings are that to maintain stable growth in the economy,China should optimize the relations of the three major industrial sectors,and further push for the upgrading of the industrial structure,especially the development of the tertiary industry.
文摘In the absence of household data, this article attempts to convert variables to build a public expenditure incidence assessment model by using middle-level data to analyse and explain the disequilibrium between the rich and poor in their public expenditure benefits. By using China's provincial data to validate this model, we have found a lack of sufficient public security services for the rich; an increase in cultural, educational and healthcare provisions as well as social relief for the poor over recent years; a lack of social security services for the poor; the availability of immediate economic services, but a lack of those with long-term benefits to the poor; the provision of subsidies to the rich and the furnishing of special-purpose services and support to the poor. The disparity in the provision of public services is primarily attributable to economic strength, economic deficiency, public preference and the government financial transfer payment mechanism. Last but not least, the paper presents some policy recommendations.
文摘Recently,China’s economic growth pattern was criticized because it has not engendered corresponding employment growth.We analyze a number of factors such as changing employment elasticity,labour demand and wage level to assess employment growth in the non-agricultural sector, finding that the employment rate has increased rapidly in the past decade. The notion that China doesn’t have any employment growth is a myth. The forthcoming Lewis Turning-Point in China’s labous market will be a great challenge for the next stage of sustainable growth.
文摘Against the background of high-speed development and the continuing deepening of market-oriented reform there have appeared at least the following three unique contradictions in the disequilibrium of China's economic growth: