Rbm8a regulates neurogenesis and reduces Alzheimer's disease-associated pathology in the dentate gyrus of 5×FAD mice

Alzheimer’s disease is a prevalent and debilitating neurodegenerative condition that profoundly affects a patient’s daily functioning with progressive cognitive decline,which can be partly attributed to impaired hippocampal neurogenesis.Neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus is likely to persist throughout life but declines with aging,especially in Alzheimer’s disease.Recent evidence indicated that RNA-binding protein 8A(Rbm8a)promotes the proliferation of neural progenitor cells,with lower expression levels observed in Alzheimer’s disease patients compared with healthy people.This study investigated the hypothesis that Rbm8a overexpression may enhance neurogenesis by promoting the proliferation of neural progenitor cells to improve memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease.Therefore,Rbm8a overexpression was induced in the dentate gyrus of 5×FAD mice to validate this hypothesis.Elevated Rbm8a levels in the dentate gyrus triggered neurogenesis and abated pathological phenotypes(such as plaque formation,gliosis reaction,and dystrophic neurites),leading to ameliorated memory performance in 5×FAD mice.RNA sequencing data further substantiated these findings,showing the enrichment of differentially expressed genes involved in biological processes including neurogenesis,cell proliferation,and amyloid protein formation.In conclusion,overexpressing Rbm8a in the dentate gyrus of 5×FAD mouse brains improved cognitive function by ameliorating amyloid-beta-associated pathological phenotypes and enhancing neurogenesis.

On the Dilemma of Contemporary Liberal Theory of Moral Rights for Penalty Justification——Exemplified by the Right to Personal Liberty

Contemporary liberal theory on moral rights argues that moral rights associated with personal liberty constitute a strong constraint on the boundaries of state power.Therefore,the core issue of the penalty justification is not the purpose of the penalty,but the reason for the penalty to refrain from infringing on the moral rights of individuals.In order to justify the penal system,scholars have explored solutions such as limiting the content of rights,waiving rights,and finally rights forfeiture.However,the concept of rights forfeiture cannot be reasonably integrated into the framework of the liberal theory of moral rights.The failure of these attempts stems from the patchwork understanding of rights presupposed by the liberal theory of moral rights.There is another systematic way of understanding rights that offers a better justification.Individual rights are not an independent non-derivative moral justification,and both individual rights and the penal power of the state are only part of a specific(realistic or ideal)system of rules that collectively serve certain values.The real question of penalty justification is not why the punishment does not infringe on the moral rights of individuals,but whether the overall institutional arrangements,including the penal system,are justifiable for all citizens,including the punished.

The Transformation of Economic Globalization and China’s Role in It Under Profound Changes Unseen in a Century

The world economy prospers when it is open,but declines when it is closed.Since the end of the cold war,economic globalization has developed rapidly,forming a new global development pattern that features intertwined interests of countries all over the world.The report to the 20th National Congress of CPC pointed out that at present,changes in the world,times and history are unfolding in a way unseen in the past.

An Assessment of the Effect and Prospect of the US Indo-Pacific Strategy

Since the Trump administration,the national security strategy of the United States has focused on addressing the major power competition and regarded China as its main strategic competitor,which has been profoundly reflected in its introduction of the Indo-Pacific Strategy.The United States has certain resource advantages in the process of advancing the Indo-Pacific Strategy,and has made some progress of it.Nonetheless,the prospect of the strategy does not entirely depend on the will and action of the United States,but also on the joint action of other elements.

Historic Achievements of Institutional Construction of Intraparty Rules and Regulations of the Communist Party of China in the New Era

The Communist Party of China(CPC)has always attached importance to institutional construction of Intraparty Rules and Regulations of the Communist Party of China,focusing on applying Intraparty Rules and Regulations of the Communist Party of China to self-supervision and self-governance in order to improve the Party’s governance capacity and leadership proficiency.Since the Party’s 18th National Congress.

A Guide for Action in Upholding Rule-Based Self-Governance over the Communist Party of China and Strengthening the Institutional Building of Intraparty Rules and Regulation

Since the Party’s 18th National Congress,the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has taken institutional construction of Intraparty Rules and Regulations of the Communist Party of China as long-term and fundamental measures for rule-based governance over the party.General Secretary Xi Jinping has made a series of important propositions and profound theses on rule-based Party governance.

Dual Structural Contradictions in China’s Neighboring Areas and the Construction of US Coalition System in the Indo-Pacific

Strengthening alliances and building coalitions has always been the core strategy for the United States to maintain its global hegemony.1 Currently,the United States is concentrating its efforts on strengthening the coalition system in the Indo-Pacific to balance China’s growing influence in the region.

Guidance for Pursuing Major-country Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics for the New Era

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)held in November 2012,General Secretary Xi Jinping has used his profound understanding of the general development trends of China and the world in the new era to creatively put forward a series of new ideas,concepts,and strategies for China’s diplomacy and make some theoretical and practical innovations in China’s diplomacy,all of which have shaped his thought on diplomacy.His thought on diplomacy has positively responded to the new historical juncture in China’s development,unforeseen and drastic global changes in a century,and historical changes in China’s relations with the world.Further,it has elaborated on strategic objectives,basic principles,major approaches,and fundamental guarantees for China’s major-country diplomacy with its own characteristics for the new era,which highlights advocating lasting peace,boosting sustainable development,promoting equal cooperation,and achieving reciprocal and win-win results as its distinct attributes.Xi Jinping Thought on diplomacy and on socialism are an important part of his thought with Chinese characteristics for the new era,which has helped the Party deepen its understanding of the rules of the new type of major-country diplomacy,draw up a grand blueprint for major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics for the new era,and provide fundamental guidance for China’s diplomacy in a new era to achieve innovative development.

India's Major Concerns about China and the Future of China-India Relations

Since 2014, the development of the China-India relationship has followed a trend of starting high and ending low. The China-India relationship warmed up rapidly in the first two years, which nevertheless failed to bring about a substantial breakthrough in their bilateral relations, as India's strategic doubts about China and their differences of interests on numerous issues still pose difficulties.

Ethnic Issues of China's Neighboring Countries and Their Impact on National Security

In the international community,the internal ethnic issues of one country can easily spread out of its borders through the impact of internal and external factors to affect the national security of other countries,known as the spillover effect.Presently,the ethnic issues of China's neighboring countries that have real consequences on the country's national security break down mainly into four types:the internal ethnic conflict,the transnational ethnic issue,the issues related with immigrants and the collaboration of the Three Forces.The risk of spillover can be summed up according to the intensity of its effect in five categories:infiltration,springboard,spillover,immigration and harassment.As diverse ethnic issues of the neighboring countries have different effects on China's national security,the Chinese government must grasp the core element of each issue to formulate specific policies.

Adhering to the Path of Peaceful Development

The path of peaceful development, the centerpiece of China's 21st century international strategy and a development in the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics, offers a new exploration of laws governing human progress and a new lesson for modernization in developing countries. To take on its important role in international multilateral mechanisms, China needs to deal with major power relations and with neighboring states and developing countries. To continue following the path of peaceful development requires a wary eye on the domestic and international situation.

Comparison of Global Governance Strategies of China and the United States

With the profound changes taking place in the international power structure and the accelerated changes occurring in the world that have not been seen in a century,the discord between China and the United States(US)in the realm of global governance is becoming increasingly prominent.Moreover,the raging COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated the divergences between the two countries in terms of global governance strategy.Since the end of World War II,although the diplomatic strategies of the US and their implementation have varied from administration to administration,such strategies have generally been defined by the US desire for hegemony in global governance.China’s engagement in global governance,by contrast,has undergone twists and turns,and its strategies and policies have kept pace with the times,which has gradually led to a global governance strategy that highlights extensive consultation,joint contribution,and shared benefits.The divergences between China and the US in terms of global governance strategy are embodied in governance values,areas,and approaches,relations among governance entities,and balance between national and global governance,which have resulted mainly from the two countries’different cultural backgrounds,historical traditions,realistic goals,and national strength.In the context of intensifying competition among major countries today,these strategic divergences between China and the US have exerted a profound impact on global governance cooperation and the reform of the global governance system,and exacerbated the fragmentation of global governance and the competition over leadership.Therefore,a comparison of the global governance strategies pursued by China and the US will help enhance mutual understanding,avoid confrontation and conflict,properly manage disagreements,and promote a healthy and stable development of bilateral relations between China and the US.

The Inability of Japan to Adapt to China's Rise and China's Strategic Response

Since China first surpassed Japan in 2010 to become the world’s second largest economy,the continuing friction and tensions between China and Japan has intensified around issues such as the Diaoyu Islands and the East China Sea air defense identification zone.At the end of 2013,with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s visit to the Yasukuni Shrine。

The Comeback and Prospect of the Taliban

In the ensuing two to three years after the downfall of the Taliban regime,there were comparatively few incidents of violence in Afghanistan and the situation was once relatively stable.The Karzai administration was gradually on the right track in its development and some progress was made in the process of economic and social reconstruction in Afghanistan. From 2005,however,the Taliban forces'attacks were on the rise and the security situation in Afghanistan constantly deteriorated.In the past three years,particularly since 2 008,the capacity and activities of the Taliban forces grew tremendously and its area of control expanded incessantly.The comeback of the Taliban has become a reality.

The Development Path for Human Rights with Chinese Characteristics

Like most countries in the world, China supports the ideal of human rights de- picted and advocated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international docu- ments and agrees with the idea that human rights should be universal. However, China also holds that to better realize the common goals of human rights requires that each coun- try explore and find the best and most efficient way in accordance with its own conditions. One of the reasons for the fast development of human rights in China since its reform and opening-up is that China has chosen a development path for human rights according to its own conditions. The path fits the conditions of China and therefore efficiently promotes the realization of universal human rights.

The Form,Essential Characteristics,and Intrinsic Value of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

Based on the Marxist concept of community for mankind,the community with a shared future for mankind combines the characteristics of the times and reality,and can be understood in terms of the dichotomy between“what is”and“what ought to be.”All countries should realize the interdependence of their destinies and work together to meet various challenges.

Working Together to Meet Our Shared Responsibility and Build a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

In this fast-changing world, President Xi’s vision of a community with a shared future has pointed the way forward for our world. To translate it into reality, countries need to work together and they each do their part for the sake of future generations. China will continue to shoulder its responsibilities as a promoter of world peace, contributor to global development, and upholder of the international order.

Shared Benefits and Win-Win Cooperation:Reform and Opening-up in the New Era

THE reform and opening-up is a bold under-taking by Chinese people under the leader-ship of the Communist Party of China （CPC） in building Chinese socialism, and is part of the self-revolution, self-perfection, and self-devel-opment process of Chinese socialism.

Four Bases of Xi Jinping's Thoughts on the Government of China

Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the CPC Central Committee, led by General Secretary Xi Jinping, has unswervingly adhered to the continuing development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Through courageous practice and excellent innovation, the CPC Central Committee has shaped a series of new ideas, thoughts and strategies of state governing, which serve as scientific guidelines for the actions and theories on further deepening the Reform and Opening-up and accelerating the modernization of socialism in China. Compared with "new ideas and new strategies," the "new thoughts" are more extensive, inclusive and thorough. In fact, "new thoughts" include "new ideas" and "new strategies" and are demonstrated by the latter two. Presenting the new CPC Central Committee's achievements in both practical and theoretical innovations with Xi Jinping's governing thought as the guide can further promote and deepen the essence of General Secretary Xi Jinping's series of key speeches. Xi Jinping's governing thought has its historical basis, realistic basis, theoretical basis and political basis.

Bring into Full Play the Role of Youth in the Arena of Public Diplomacy

With its rapid social and economic development since the reform and opening up,China has been witnessing more and more diversified exchange and interactions with the rest of the world with unprecedented scale,extent,frequency and intensity,and the national interest of China has spread to all over the world.With more and more foreigners coming to China,the number of