镍纳米线的简易合成及其气敏性能

采用水热法,以聚乙二醇(PEG)作为辅助剂,通过先驱物NiC2O4·2H2O合成氧化镍纳米线,并通过SEM和XRD对样品的微观结构进行分析。实验结果显示:PEG对镍线的合成起重要作用,镍纳米线表现出良好的气敏性能。该形态使得氧化镍(NiO)可作为传感器的气敏材料得到应用。

粉末冶金法制备高铌TiAl基合金的表征(英文)

利用机械球磨法制备了名义成分为Ti45Al10Nb(摩尔分数,%)的复合粉末,采用真空热压烧结工艺对粉末进行固结,利用OM、XRD、SEM、EDX对球磨12h的粉末及烧结块体材料进行表征。结果表明,所得Ti/Al/Nb复合粉末的成分均匀,晶粒细小。烧结后所得合金的显微组织由细小等轴晶和均匀分散其中的大的纯Nb颗粒组成。增加10%(摩尔分数)的Nb元素,TiAl基合金的室温强度及塑性有显著提高,屈服强度和断裂强度分别为842MPa和1314MPa,室温压缩率达到12.4%。

粉料的粒度分布对TiAl合金熔模精密铸造用氧化锆陶瓷型壳性能的影响(英文)

研究粉料的粒度分布对TiAl合金熔模精密铸造用氧化锆陶瓷性能的影响。对粉料粒度分布、粉末形貌、浆料黏度、型壳抗弯强度和断裂形貌之间的关系进行研究;通过测量氧化锆粉末和粘结剂构成的浆料的黏度来考察粉末粒度分布对浆料黏的影响;对不同粒度分布氧化锆陶瓷型壳断口形貌进行观察。结果表明:粉料粒度分布对未焙烧和焙烧后氧化锆陶瓷型壳的强度影响行为相似;粉料粒度分布对氧化锆陶瓷型壳的质量能产生很大的影响并进而影响到熔模精密铸造制备TiAl合金构件的质量。

板材成对液压成形工艺加载路径对成形性的影响(英文)

板材成对液压成形可以用于制造复杂几何截面的空腔构件,通过合理的工艺加载路径可以实现板材的流动控制。研究非焊接板材成对液压成形工艺以及两个主要工艺参数(合模力和液压力)的影响。通过理论计算研究不同合模力对应的极限液压力,得到极限液压力曲线,揭示不同工艺参数组合对变形行为的影响规律。通过有限元分析和实验研究验证了理论值,结果表明它们之间具有较好的一致性。实验采用2种线性加载路径和1种阶梯型加载路径研究加载路径对变形行为和零件成形性的影响,结果表明采用阶梯型加载路径可以得到很好的成形性。

Rock matrix-fractured media model for heterogeneous and fractured coal bed

Coal was considered rock matrix-fractured media composed of rock matrix and fractures, and the rock matrix-fractured media model for heterogeneous and fractured coal bed was presented. In this model the rock matrix is heterogeneous, and the mechanical parameters such as elastic modulus and strength follow Weibull distribution. Fractures in coal bed were generated with the discrete fracture network method, and the properties of fractures were simulated with Desai element. Then the virtual generating system (VGS) of natural heterogeneous and fractured coal bed was developed in Matlab 6.0. The coupled model of gas flow and deformation process based on the rock matrix-fractured media model method and VGS for heterogeneous and fractured coal bed was presented, and the numerical code was developed in Matlab 6.0. The gas flow process in the heterogeneous and fractured coal bed was simulated in a numerical case. The main conclusions are: 1) The natural heterogeneous and fractured coal bed could be simulated by the rock matrix-fractured media model and VGS; 2) The fractures connected with the well have much more effects on gas flow than those non-connected.

AlTiN and AlTiON-coated hot work tool steels for tooling in steel thixoforming

X32CrMoV33 hot work tool steel samples coated with AlTiN and AlTiON were submitted to thermal cycling under conditions that approximate thixoforming of steels and to sliding wear tests at 750 ℃,measured to be the cavity surface temperature shortly after the steel slurry is forced into the thixoforming die.AlTiN and AlTiON coatings provide adequate protection against oxidation of the tool steel substrate,but fail to avoid thermal fatigue cracking.This is attributed to the extensive softening of the substrate,the thermal expansion mismatch between the hot work tool steel and the coatings and residual compressive stresses inherited from the deposition process.The impact of AlTiN and AlTiON coatings on the high temperature wear resistance,on the other hand,is favourable.The improved wear resistance is attributed to the stable,protective surface oxide films.

Microstructure transformation of deformed AZ91D during isothermal holding

In order to understand the thermodynamic properties of deformed AZ91D alloy during isothermal holding, the microstructure characteristics and transformation were investigated. The results present that deformation mainly concentrates on the edge of the chips and billets, especially at the interface of α/β. Microstructure transformation mechanism of deformed AZ91D during holding mainly includes recrystallization, spheroidization and Ostwald ripening. The mechanism was then thermodynamically analyzed. During the heating and isothermal holding process, recrystallization driven by residual energy within the deformed AZ91D alloy, spheroidization and Ostwald ripening induced by the reduction of interfacial energy, will inevitably and continuously occur with the extension of heating and holding.

Tensile properties and microstructure of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet processed by repeated unidirectional bending

The mechanical properties of the AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet processed by repeated unidirectional bending (RUB) with a basal pole tilted in the rolling direction were systematically investigated at different temperatures. Compared with the as-received sheet exhibiting approximately the same average grain size, the fracture elongation increased while the proof stress decreased at room temperature. The initial texture had a significant influence on the mechanical properties at room temperature, while it showed a much weaker effect on the mechanical properties because of the activation of non-basal slips and initiation of dynamic recrystallization during deformation at elevated temperature.

Beneficial effects of Co^(2+) on co-electrodeposited Ni-SiC nanocomposite coating

Ni-SiC nanocomposites were fabricated by co-electrodeposition of nickel with silicon carbide nanoparticles on the pure nickel substrates from a nickel sulfate bath with and without the addition of Co2+. The presence of Co2+ in the electrolyte modifies the Ni matrix to Ni-Co solid solution matrix. It helps to refine the grain size of the nanocomposite coating and improves the content of SiC dispersed in the matrix, and consequently results in higher microhardness. The cathodic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at cathodic potential were investigated in the electrolyte with and without Co2+. A modified cathodic polarization curve with a positive shift in reduction potential and a smaller capacitive loop of EIS are observed. These are attributed to the strong adsorption of Co2+ on the SiC nanoparticles. Consequently, it increases the forces of electrostatic attraction between the SiC nanoparticles and the cathode, which promotes the codeposition of SiC nanoparticles in the matrix.

High-temperature oxidation behavior of CeO_2-SiO_2/Ni-W-P composites

Ni-W-P matrix composites containing CeO2 and SiO2 nano-particles were prepared on common carbon steel surface by means of pulse electrodeposition,and the high-temperature oxidation behavior was investigated.The results show that when the oxidation time is controlled in 1 h,oxidation kinetics curve between oxidation mass gain rate and oxidation temperature of CeO2-SiO2/Ni-W-P composites accords with the index increasing law.When the oxidation temperature is controlled at 300℃,the kinetics curve between oxidation mass gain rate and oxidation time accords with the linear increasing law.The composites as-deposited are in the amorphous state and turn into the crystal state at 400℃.The microstructures of oxidation film on the composites will change from the compact state to the loose state with increasing oxidation temperature to 800℃.They are still continuous and compact,and there are no crackle,strip and falling-out.CeO2 and SiO2 nano-particles co-deposited into Ni-W-P alloy can improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance.

Synthesis kinetics of Mg_2Sn in Mg-Sn powder mixture using non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry

The non-isothermal heating process of Mg-Sn powder mixture was studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) technique and the synthesis kinetics of Mg2Sn was evaluated by the model-free and model-fitting methods.The activation energy and conversion function of Mg2Sn synthesis reaction are calculated to be 281.7 kJ/mol and g(α)=[-ln(1-α)] 1/4,respectively.The reaction mechanism of 2Mg+Sn→Mg2Sn under non-isothermal condition is regarded as "nucleation and growth" .During the non-isothermal heating process,the phase transformation occurred in the Mg-Sn powder mixture was analyzed by XRD and the microstructure evolution of Mg2Sn was observed by optical microscopy,which is in good agreement with the reaction mechanism of 2Mg+Sn→ Mg2Sn deduced from the kinetic evaluation.

Influence of Yb_2O_3 addition on microstructure and corrosion resistance of 10Cu/(10NiO-NiFe_2O_4)cermets

10Cu/(10NiO-NiFe2O4)cermets doped with Yb2O3 were prepared by conventional powder metallurgy technique.The effects of Yb2O3 content and sintering temperature on the relative density,phase composition,microstructure of the sintered cermets and the corrosion resistance to Na3AlF6-Al2O3 melts were investigated by sintered density test,XRD analysis and SEM.YbFeO3 phase,which distributes in the ceramics grain boundary as particles or film,is produced by the reaction between Yb2O3 and ceramics. The addition of Yb2O3 accelerates the sintering process of ceramics matrix,eliminates pores in the boundary and results in coarsened crystalline grain.The relative density of the cermets with about 1%(mass fraction)Yb2O3 sintered at 1 275℃increases to above 95%.Addition of about 1.0%Yb2O3 can inhibit obviously the corrosion of NiFe2O4 grain boundary and Cu phase in Na3AlF6-Al2O3 melts.

Effect of sputtering pressure and rapid thermal annealing on optical properties of Ta_2O_5 thin films

Ta2O5 thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering followed by rapid thermal annealing(RTA). Influence of sputtering pressure and annealing temperature on surface characteristics,microstructure and optical property of Ta2O5 thin films were investigated. As-deposited Ta2O5 thin films are amorphous. It takes hexagonal structure(δ-Ta2O5) after being annealed at 800 ℃. A transition from δ-Ta2O5 to orthorhombic structure(L-Ta2O5) occurs at 900-1 000 ℃. Surface roughness is decreased after annealing at low temperature. Refractive index and extinction coefficient are decreased when annealing temperature is increased.

Multi-powder dam concrete with high performance and low adiabatic temperature rise

Based on the fluidity, strength, heat of hydration and loop crack resistance experiment of multi-powder paste, the components and proportion of multi-powder were optimized and the concrete properties were studied. The multi-powder consists of limestone powder, slag, fly ash and moderate heat Portland cement (PMH cement). The results show that the compressive strength of the multi-powder paste and mortar is close to those of PMH cement, fly ash paste and mortar currently used in dam concrete, yet the flexural strength is relatively higher. The multi-powder paste is featured by larger fluidity, lower heat of hydration and delayed cracking time. In comparison, less unit water consumption and cement is used in multi-powder concrete, and under premise of equal mechanical performance, deformation, thermal performance and durability, the adiabatic temperature rise at 28 d is reduced by 2 ℃. In this way, the crack resistance is improved and it is feasible both technically and economically to produce HPC for dam concrete.

Synthesis and microstructure of zirconia nanopowders by glycothermal processing

ZrO2 nanoparticles were prepared under high temperature and high pressure conditions by precipitation from metal nitrates with aqueous potassium hydroxide. The effects of synthesis parameters, such as the concentration of starting solution, pH of starting solution, reaction temperature and time, were discussed. The results show that the ZrO2 nanoparticles are obtained at 230-270 ℃. The average size and size distribution of the synthesized particles are below 10 nm and narrow, respectively. The XRD pattern shows that the synthesized particles are composed of crystalline. The synthesis of ZrO2 nanosized crystalline particles is possible under glycothermal conditions in ethylene glycol solution.

Effect of process parameters on electrical,optical properties of IZO films produced by inclination opposite target type DC magnetron sputtering

IZO films were deposited onto PET substrate at room temperature with the inclined opposite target type DC magnetron sputtering equipment,in which a sintered oxide IZO target(doped with 10% ZnO,packing density of 99.99%) was used.The effects of total sputtering pressure and film thickness on IZO films properties were studied.All the films produced at room temperature have a amorphous structure,irrespective of the total sputtering pressure and film thickness.A resistivity of the order of 10-4 Ωcm was obtained for IZO films deposited at lower pressure(film thickness of 190 nm).The resistivity of IZO films deposited at room temperature depends on film thickness and shows a minimum at a thickness of 530 nm.

Comparative study of one-dimensional NiCo alloy nanostructures assembled by in situ and ex situ applied magnetic fields

For the study of magnetic field-assisted assembly behavior,one-dimensional(1D)NiCo alloy nanostructures were solvothermally obtained at 180℃under an in situ magnetic field(the magnetic field as applied during the chemical reduction)and ex situ field(after the chemical reduction was finished).Microscopic morphology and magnetic properties differences were investigated using scanning electronic microscope(SEM)and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM)for these products.Magnetic measurement results show that 1D ordered microstructures under in situ magnetic field possess higher saturation magnetization Ms, remnant magnetization Mr,coercivity Hc and reduced magnetization Mr/Ms than 1D ordered microstructures under ex situ field,and the four magnetic parameters of the two ordered microstructures are much higher than those randomly distributed alloy particles prepared in the absence of external magnetic field.

Laser transformation hardening on rod-shaped carbon steel by Gaussian beam

Laser transformation hardening(LTH) is one of the laser surface modification processes.The surface hardening of rod-shaped carbon steel(SM45C) was performed by lathe-based laser composite processor with Gaussian-beam optical head.The LTH characteristics by dominant processes,longitudinal and depth directional hardness distributions and behaviors of phase transformation in hardened zones were examined.Especially,two concepts of circumferential speed and theoretical overlap rate were applied.When laser power increased or circumferential speed decreased,the surface hardening depth gradually increases due to the increased heat input.Moreover,the longitudinal hardness distribution particularly shows periodicity of repetitive increase and decrease,which results from tempering effect by overlap.Finally,the feasibility of laser transformation hardening is verified by using the beam with Gaussian intensity distribution.

Simulation of fluctuation effect on dendrite growth by phase field method

The dendrite growth process was simulated with the phase field model coupling with the fluctuation.The effect of fluctuation intensity on the dendrite morphology and that of the thermal fluctuation together with the phase field fluctuation on the forming of side branches were investigated.The results indicate that with the decrease of thermal fluctuation amplitude,the furcation of dendrite tip also decreases,transverse dendrites become stronger,longitudinal dendrites become degenerated,Doublon structure disappears,and a quite symmetrical dendrite structure appears finally.Thermal fluctuation can result in the unsteadiness of dendrites side branches,and it is also the main reason for forming side branches.The phase field fluctuation has a little contribution to the side branches,and it is usually ignored in calculation.When the thermal fluctuation amplitude(F_u) is appropriate,the thermal noise can result in the side branches,but cannot change the steady behavior of the dendrites tip.

Numerical simulation for isothermal dendritic growth of succinonitrile-acetone alloy

Numerical simulation based on phase field method was developed to describe the solidification of two-dimensional isothermal binary alloys. The evolution of the interface morphology was shown and the effects of phase field parameters were formulated for succinonitrile-acetone alloy. The results indicate that an anti-trapping current(ATC) can suppress many trapped molten packets, which is caused by the thickened interface. With increasing the anisotropy value from 0 to 0.05, a small circular seed grows to develope secondary dendritic, dendritic tip velocity increases monotonically, and the solute accumulation of solid/liquid interface is diminished distinctly. Furthermore, with the increase of the coupling parameter value, the interface becomes unstable and the side branches of crystals appear and grow gradually.