The Effectiveness of a Smoking Cessation Intervention Program Based upon a Process Model of Health Motivation

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of participation in a health motivation-based intervention program on college students’smoking behavior.One hundred and seventy smokers(mean age=19.0 years,151 males)from nine colleges and universities in Chengdu,China were randomly assigned to one of 5 groups that received between one and four sessions of the intervention,or no intervention.The intervention sessions included sequential activities based on the stages of the process model of health motivation.Each group completed questionnaires assessing health motivation and smoking behaviors at pre-test,immediately post-intervention,and at one month follow-up.Analyses indicated that the intervention program did improve participants’health motivation,and that was associated with reduced levels of smoking relative to baseline.The greater the number of sessions,the greater the reduction in smoking.

Anti-Asian Racism in the Shadow of COVID-19 in the USA:Reported Incidents,Psychological Implications,and Coping Resources

Racism,which has been a deeply rooted feature of so many human societies across the world for centuries,has become rampant in the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic.In the past racism was thought to be as somehow“natural”or“biological.”Later on,sociologists recognized“race”as a socially and culturally constructed ideology,which exists in a society at both the individual and institutional levels.Further down the timeline,psychologists viewed racism as an individual or a collective psychological defensive mechanism generated by feelings of fear,insecurity,and anxiety in the face of imminent or presumed internal or external threat.No matter how it is described,racism has become rampant in the shadow of COVID-19,manifested in the incidents of racial slurs and verbal abuse,online bullying,physical attacks,vandalism,and others.It took the forms of white supremacy,xenophobia,Sinophobia,and institutional and aversive racism.It was institutionalized,politicized,and religionized.Given this increasing occurrence of racism triggered by COVID-19,this paper tried to trace the historical roots of racism,followed by the analysis of the specific incidents of anti-Asian racism and discrimination related to COVID-19 in the United States.This paper also sketched the psychological implications of racism and some coping mechanisms for the victims.

Research on Well-being:Measuring“Good Life”,Shifting Values,and Cross-cultural Applicability

The concept of well-being has evolved over the several decades as research continued to reveal its multidimensional,dynamic,person-specific,and culture-specific nature,including most recently,the ecological embeddedness of well-being.Well-being encompasses how well people live with regard to people’s physical,social,and mental conditions,the fulfillment of their basic needs and capabilities,and the opportunities and resources to which they have access.Scholars use well-being research to under­stand why some humans thrive,while others do not.

Psychological Risk Factors of Terrorist Offenders in Indonesia

Psychological criminogenic factors for identifying terrorist offenders at risk of recidivism in Indonesia remain unclear;hence the adequate assessment to those involved with terrorism and measurement of effective terrorism rehabilitation are questioned.‘MIKRA’Risk Assessment was developed to identify individual criminogenic risk factors and needs of terrorist offenders in Indonesia.It is formulated to set up future parameters of effective terrorism rehabilitation.MIKRA study involved thirty-two eminent Indonesian counterterrorism experts and practitioners in semi-structured interviews and qualitative data analysis.The study identifies 18 individual risk factors and needs of ideology-based terrorist offenders that are grouped into one of three higher order domains:Motivation,Ideology,and Capability.

The Danger of Inflated Hypocondria through Self-diagnosis in the Post- COVID-19 Period

1.Misinformation,disinformation,and malinformation(MDM)about depression This editorial article aims to address the hidden dangers of self-diagnosed depression,especially among young people,which has been exacerbated by massive media coverage of depression risks during the COVID-19 pandemic.While misinformation and disinformation both refer to the distribution of inac­curate information,misinformation is not intended to cause harm while disinformation is.Meanwhile,malinformation is true information that is intended to cause harm.For example,it is common for com­panies to spread both disinformation and malinfor­mation about depression to promote the sales of their products,such as books and therapies.

Author Guidelines

This document provides some guidelines to authors for submission in order to work towards a seamless submission process.While complete adherence to the following guidelines is not enforced,authors should note that following through with the guidelines will be helpful in expediting the copyediting and proofreading processes,and allow for improved readability during the review process.

Effect of Exercise and Sham Exercise Trackers on Perceived Workout Intensity and Mood in College Students

Exercise is an essential contributor to both physical and mental health and is a significant part of a person’s overall lifestyle.With the increasing popularity of exercise trackers,researchers were interested in the effects of sham exercise trackers on perceptions of workouts and affect.Researchers predicted participants wearing a sham Fitbit band would report greater perceptions of workout intensity,challenge,and satisfaction compared to those without sham Fitbit bands.In addition,those wearing sham Fitbit bands were predicted to report greater positive affect and lower negative affect than those without bands.One hundred twenty student participants(60 in each group;one group with a sham Fitbit and one group with no Fitbit)were recruited from campus workout classes of Zumba,spinning,and body sculpting.Participants worked out and completed a PANAS survey,plus other workout perception questions.When using a sham Fitbit,participants believed the workout was more intense,physically challenging,and they were more satisfied with their workout.However,presence of a sham Fitbit band did not significantly affect mood.Results suggest that knowledge of wearing an exercise tracker,even without any workout data feedback,has an effect on workout perceptions,but has little effect on mood.

Between the Craft and the Mud:An Analysis of the Work and Health Relationship of Firefighters in the Breach of the Córrego do Feijão Dam-Brumadinho/MG

Faced with the rupture of the Vale S.A.tailings dam that hit the city of Brumadinho(MG),the article sought to better understand the organisation of work of military firefighters who participated in the search and rescue operation and the relationship between work and health present in this scenario.This is qualitative research with a focus on the subjective production of the speeches of seven firefighters who were interviewed individually with a semi-structured script,using as a basis of analysis the ergological perspective and the productions of the psychodynamics of work.The firefighters experienced a scenario with risks of injury,contamination,and even death.In the interviews,they showed that the more than twelve hours of work were responsible for sleep problems during and after the performance,as well as the food provided and the lack of time for physical exercise proved to be aggravating factors for their health.Working in the tailing’s mud combined the development of musculoskeletal problems and anxiety,due to the possibility of contamination by metals present in the mud.The work relationships show a high degree of trust and recognition between the firefighters and the affected population,which helped in the motivation and continuation of the operation until the present moment.The work in this operation that gained national prominence was responsible for the feeling of pride and for feeling more capable and prepared to act in other disasters.This research is expected to broaden the discussion about the work-health relationship of military firefighters exposed to disasters,as well as serve as a subsidy to encourage the creation of public policies focused on the health of these workers.

Differences on Information Commitments in Consumption Domain

Information commitments are a profile of evaluative standards and information searching strategies on the Internet.The purpose of this study is to examine the reliability and validity of the information commitments instrument in consumption domain,and differences among scales underlying the instrument.A total of 258 university students participated in the survey who have experiences in online shopping.Using confirmatory factor analysis technical,this study has identified valid measures for each construct underlying information commitments in consumptions domain.The results indicate that participants preferred to utilize“content”to judge the usefulness of the information,and use“multiple sources”to evaluate the correctness of information,that they oriented to use search strategy“elaboration”in verifying online consumption information.Gender differences are also revealed on standard of the“multiple sources”and the“content”.

Job Loss During the COVID-19 Pandemics and Its Psychological Consequences

The Coronavirus pandemics,or the COVID-19,came as an unwelcomed guest that did not want to leave,where people until today do not know for sure all the ways it affects people’s health and overall being.The year of 2020 will be remembered as the one in which life almost stopped.A year full of losses that continue,from losing people dear to us,to losing jobs,opportunities,and freedom in almost every sense.This paper covers the consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak that it had on people,focusing on the job loss and unemployment,the healthcare opportunities and availabilities,the gender discrimination in the process of losing jobs,and the most importantly the psychological consequences people suffered from,due to isolation,inability to work and to provide.

Psychological Health of Wives’of Patients with Chronic Illnesses

Objectives:Chronic illnesses are more prevalent in males.The expectations of caregiving,thus falls on the women.Role expectations from women,increases stress,strain and the possibility of Psychological health concerns.In this paper,we explore the psychological health,as well as the levels of marital and sexual satisfaction of women caregivers.Method:The sample consisted of 35 women,whose husbands were diagnosed with,and undergoing treatment for a chronic illness(Coronary Heart Disease(CHD);Diabetes;or Cancer).Three standardized questionnaires,the Index of Marital Satisfaction(IMS),Index of Sexual Satisfaction(ISS)and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21(DASS 21)were used.Results:Correlational and predictive analysis were conducted on the data.Clinically significant marital and sexual dissatisfaction were found.Wives’also reported moderate levels of depression and anxiety,but severe levels of stress.Depression and Sexual satisfaction were found to be significant predictors of marital satisfaction.Discussion:Women caregiver are impacted by the illness status of their spouse.The additional stress of caregiving,along with societally ascribed roles and responsibilities on women creates a more difficult,stressful environment,which affects psychological health and well-being.

Author Guidelines

This document provides some guidelines to authors for submission in order to work towards a seamless submission process.While complete adherence to the following guidelines is not enforced,authors should note that following through with the guidelines will be helpful in expediting the copyediting and proofreading processes,and allow for improved readability during the review process.

Do They Pose a Danger:Evaluation of the Recidivism Characteristics in China’s Community Corrections?

The modern criminal justice system includes community corrections,which play a preventive role in lowering recidivism among offenders.However,some offenders continue to commit crimes during community corrections.This research focuses on community corrections in Chinese community policing practice,particularly offender recidivism.The study collected a total of 500 questionnaires from offenders in the provincial administrative regions of northern China,which included first offense status,psychological status,and recidivism behavior.The study found that most recidivists are usually arrested for“drunk driving”,which may be related to their ability to exercise self-restraint,and that alcohol may contribute to their deviant behavior.Another important finding relates to young recidivists,who may have difficulty securing employment during community corrections and thus use crime again to gain income.In general,this study explores the offender population in Chinese community corrections practice and discusses the factors within it that influence offender recidivism.This may support law enforcement agencies in further evaluating the effectiveness of community corrections,and may provide new information for understanding community corrections in China.

Diminished Health Returns of Own and Parental Education for Immigrants in the United States

Background:Educational attainment is a strong social determinant of health.Marginalization-related Diminished Returns(MDRs),however,refer to smaller health effects of socioeconomic status,particularly educational attainment for marginalized groups compared to mainstream populations.While multiple studies have documented MDRs of educational attainment for racial,ethnic,and sexual minorities,there are no previous studies on MDRs of education among immigrants.Aims:To understand if the MDRs phenomenon also applies to immigrants,we compared immigrant and non-immigrant American adults for the effects of their own and parental educational attainment on subjective health.Methods:This study used a cross-sectional design and borrowed data from the General Social Survey(1972-2018).GSS is a series of nationally representative surveys in the U.S.Our analytical sample included 38,399 adults who were either non-immigrants(n=34903;90.9%)or immigrants(n=3496;9.1%).The main independent variables were own and parental educational attainment measured as four-level categorical variables.The dependent variable(DV)was poor subjective health,measured using a single item.Age,sex,marital status,and year of the survey were the covariates.Immigration status was the moderator.Results:Overall,individuals with higher educational attainment of own and parents reported better subjective health.We,however,found significant interactions between immigration status and both own and parental educational attainment on subjective health,which was suggestive of weaker protective effects of own and parental educational attainment against poor subjective health in immigrants than non-immigrant individuals.Conclusions:In the United States,immigrant adults experience poor subjective health disproportionate to their own and their parents educational attainment.That means we may observe worse than expected health of immigrants across all educational levels and social classes.Public policies should go beyond equal access to education by empowering marginalized people to leverage their education and secure better outcomes.

Distance Interventions for Children with Sleep Problems: A Review

Sleep problems in childhood are frequent and may cause damage to the children and their families;however,parental orientation appears to be effective in its many new formats,such as the distance treatment.This study aimed to review the literature about behavioral intervention performed by distance to sleep problems in childhood and summarize the main characteristics of such interventions.Searches were performed up to November 2021 in BVS Psicologia ULAPSI Brasil,SCOPUS,and PsycINFO,using the key words:sleep problems,insomnia,nighttime fears,behavioral intervention,behavioral treatment,treatment,intervention,sleep,behavior,child,children,infant,mobile phones,smartphone,app,telephone,online,internet,bibliotherapy.We included 14 studies.The main results indicate that interventions were implemented between 2 and 12 weeks,the most reported procedure was pre-sleep routines,and semi-presential interventions that required some presential contact were the most frequent.Written educational information about sleep through bibliotherapy and telephone contacts were the most used tools to implement the remote component of interventions.Ten studies indicated improvements on children’s sleep,and secondary results(parental sleep and/or mental health)were also reported among studies.Therefore,our findings suggest that distance interventions for childhood sleep problems are promising,but future research is still needed.

Assessing the Psychometric Properties of Hindi Version of Relationship Structure(ECR-RS)Scale among Young Adults

Relationship science has proliferated in the last few years.However,most of these studies have remained focused on western culture.An important reason for the lack of relationship studies in the non-western,particularly Indian context,is the lack of culturally validated scales.The present study was aimed at assessing the psychometric properties of the relationship structure(ECR-RS)scale.ECR-RS is a nine-item questionnaire used to measure attachment patterns for different relationships.It has been translated and modified in multiple languages.The study(N=223,undergraduate students,32.7%females)evaluated the Hindi version of ECR-RS scale’s psychometric properties for mother,father,close friend,and global attachment.The confirmatory factor analysis supports the presence of the two-factor model as originally theorized in ECR-RS.The findings support the reliability and validity of Hindi ECR-RS.The study contributes methodologically by providing an instrument of attachment styles,which could be a valuable resource for practitioners and researchers in the Indian context.

Higher Secondary Commerce Students’ Engagement and Attitude towards Blended Learning Environment

At present,classroom instruction should be a self-regulated process and the learner who is self-motivated to explore problems and situations.For learning,the students are learning through the web as a source of knowledge,the learning environment should be shifted to a learner-centered rather than teacher-centered environment.Commerce education is to be directed towards mastery in its conventions and principles,towards thinking and solving problems in scientific ways,towards developing a positive outlook to the discipline at the higher secondary level.Attitude towards learning is associated with the academic performance of commerce-related tasks and improving achievement.It should be one of the basic features in designing effective commerce classroom instruction.In the present study,students’attitudes can be enhanced by using a blended learning instructional strategy targeting the variables of learner attitude towards learning of instructional transaction,learning task,classroom interaction,and assessment.The study employs pretest-posttest non-equivalence control group design under the quasi-experimental method.The sample consists of 80 students of standard XII,40 students each in the experimental group and control group.Statistical techniques of descriptive statistics,t-test,and Cohen’s d were used for comparing the pretest and posttest scores of attitude towards learning and measuring the effect size between experimental and control groups.The findings of the study showed that there is a significant difference in the mean posttest scores of attitude towards learning between the experimental group and control group and the blended learning instructional strategy is more beneficial in developing the attitude of higher secondary school students when compared to constructivist teaching strategy.

Exploring the Empathy - Aggression Relationship, and Gender Related Differences in Greek College Students

The present study examined the inverse relationship between empathy(cognitive and affective)and forms of aggression(physical,verbal,anger and hostility).Previous research has continuously argued that empathy mitigates forms of aggression in individuals due to cognitive perspective taking and emotional sharing with others,that buffer hostile behaviour towards one another.However,there is a gap in the literature regarding this association in Greek culture.This correlational analysis examined empathy using the widely known multifaceted Davis Interpersonal Re­activity Index and aggression was explored using the multi-dimensional Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire in a sample of 92 Greek under­graduate college students from two private institutions in Athens,Greece.Gender effects on aggression and empathy levels were investigated as well.The results revealed that cognitive and emotional empathy indeed demonstrates a negative relationship with direct physical aggression.However,other forms of aggression such as verbal aggression,hostility and anger were positively associated with personal distress and Empathic fantasy majorly linked to Greek emotional regulation difficulties.Females displayed higher Empathic fantasy scores compared to males.A cultur­al perspective was adopted in exploring the results considering norms,gender roles,collective regulation capacities and societal conditioning,offering links to previous literature and theories.

A Review for Existing Complementary and Alternative Medical Therapies for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)has always been a frustrating disability for families and no official effective medical interventions has been found to cure this disorder yet.With more attention from the general public both nationally and internationally,more and more families and therapists showed preference to implement complementary and alternative medical(CAM)therapies.This review aims to provide more information about potential CAM that has been applied and their effectiveness.

Science Teaching Efficacy Beliefs of Palestinian Elementary Education Students

To assess elementary education students’self-efficacy beliefs in science teaching,the Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument developed by Enochs and Riggs was used.The instrument consisted of two scales,Personal Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Scale and the Outcome Expectancy Scale.It was administered to 90 undergraduate university students majoring in elementary education at a large public Palestinian university.Results indicated that students’self-efficacy beliefs in science teaching were comparable to those reported in the original study by Enochs and Riggs.Overall,the participants presented moderate to high self-efficacy in science teaching.