The Long-term Consequences of Ordeals:Evidence from the Chinese Sent-down Movement

The Chinese sent-down movement between the mid 1950s to the late 1970s is a suffering period for Chinese sent-down youths.Using the treatment effect model and the ordered probit model,we examine the impact of sent-down experience on sent-down youths’income and happiness based on the sample of CGSS2003 and CGSS2006.By doing so,we can explore the long-term consequences of one’s suffering experience.The overall sample regression results show that sent-down experience increase 42% of individuals’income,while reducing 13% of individuals’happiness.Sub-sample analysis results are robust to the conclusion that the sent-down experience makes a positive impact on income and a negative impact on happiness.This study provides objective evidence for the historical evaluation of sent-down movement,a new interpretation for the Easterlin paradox from the view of personality latitude,new empirical evidence for supporting the new human capital theory,and useful inspiration for the the current grass-roots employment policy for university graduates in China.

The Research on Shadow Banking System in China

The shadow banking system has grown stronger in the process of evading supervision.Together with traditional commercial banks,it has become an important participant in the financial system,which has caused a fundamental change in the structure of the global financial system.As an exogenous reform force in China’s special period,Shadow Bank has become an important channel for financial resources to“disconnect from reality”.Despite the lack of substantial securitization,China’s shadow banking system has developed rapidly.This paper analyzes the development motivation.This paper believes that the scope of China’s shadow banking system can be defined according to the nature of the fund supply side.

Investigation and Analysis of the Current Situation of New Media Marketing in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

With China’s entry into WTO, China’s small and medium-sized enterprises are facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. The integration of the world economy has brought opportunities for the internationalization and industrialization of small and medium-sized enterprises. However, due to the lack of systematic marketing strategies, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is beset with difficulties. From the perspective of marketing strategy, this paper analyzes the marketing strategy problems faced by small and medium-sized enterprises. From four aspects: marketing concept, marketing team, marketing strategy and marketing model 4P, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for improving the marketing benefits of small and medium-sized enterprises.

An Approach of Reducing Overall Level of Export Fluctuations of the Export-oriented Countries

Overall level of export fluctuations of the export-oriented countries with rising export volume partly stem from the market failure caused by free choice of export enterprises,some government intervention thus may be necessary.To reduce the level of fluctuations of the export growth rates in these countries,this paper,taking the significant differences of the exports among various markets into account and thus using a new index named relative variance to measure the export volatility risks,proposes a model of merchandise market portfolio,a modified version of Markowitz model,available to provide explicit guidelines for the firms,the industries and even the whole country to optimize the structure of their export markets.An application of this model to the case of China’s apple is then discussed.The results show that the market share of China’s apple in 7 sub-markets should be redistributed drastically.

Optimization of Determination of Sucralose in Drink by HPLC

To optimize the method for determination of Sucralose in drink by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Using HPLC with RID,operating conditions were C18 reversed phase chromatograph column,40:60=Methanol:0.125%K2HPO4 as mobil phase,measured at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min.In the range of 20~400 mg L,with the concentration of Sucralose and corresponding peak area as standard,r=0.9999,it has good correlation,the recovery of sucralose is 94~108%.The lower limit of detection of Sucralose was 0.0024 g/kg.This method not only meets the requirements of national standards,but also fast,sensitive,and environmentally friendly,improves the detection efficiency and safety of the detection of sucralose in drink by high performance liquid chromatography.

A Literature Review of the“Burning Money”Behavior of Internet Products

This article mainly studies the current status of the operation of the“burning money model”of Internet products,expounds and analyzes the disadvantages of this operating model,studies the practical effects brought by the“burning money model”,and explores the development direction of future Internet products.Domestic scholars have done a lot of research on the development of Internet products in the future and have achieved certain results.This article aims to discuss the development model of China’s Internet products,summarize the current“burning money”behavior in the operation process of Internet products,and combine the development situation of China’s Internet in the new era to make suggestions for the future development of Internet products.

Modeling of Economic Cost Distribution in Screw Thread

The screw threading produce is a important process course.The economics modeling is established in this paper so this process will be investigated.In this paper modeling of process is analyzed.The Q and cost decreases with the increasing quantity while the same turn as AC>AFC>MC is found.AC and AFC is main factors to affect quantity then MC do.It fits to concept of them well.The cost AC and AFC is higher upon L=4 than L=6 while MC is higher upon L=6 than L=4.Meantime the TC and VC is higher upon L=6 than that upon L=4,is the near parallel line.The TC>VC is turn to affect cost.There is a difference for them.TC and VC is main effective costs to compare with AC,AFC&MC.The TC and VC become bigger upon K=5 than K=7.

Political Economy of Global Environmental Governance Institutions:Future Collaborations between China and USA

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is a reminder that a major public crisis on a global scale is an extreme problem facing all humanity.The global public crisis fundamentally threatens the security and common interests of all mankind.The increasingly serious climate and environment problems accompanying the large-scale industrialization have long held back all countries in the world,no matter affluent or poor.In recent years,2021 ranks as Earth’s fifth hottest year on record[1].The average global ocean temperature has broken historical records.The rise in temperature in 2021 is not a very accidental event.2020 tied with 2016 as the warmest year on record,with the past seven years being the hottest on record[2].

Predicting on Chinese Consumers’Organic Wine Purchase Intention

There is very little research on the perception and willingness of Chinese consumers to purchase organic wine.The research aims to understand the factors which influence Chinese consumers’willingness on organic wine purchase.Based on the TRA and TPB,combine with SCT,a conceptual model is established to solve research problems.

Stock Market Measures and Market Performance

Sri Lanka is considered a highly fluctuating economy in the South Asian region.Understanding the behavior of economics is of utmost important to obtain the maximum benefit.Stock market can be considered as one of the key influencers to the economy whereas the behavior of the stock market would highly define the behaviors of the economic system.It is required to identify the stock market measures and their contribution for the market development to recognize the influence of stock market.The immense importance of its actions on the market performance leads to find more about the stock market’s measures.This research contains the evidence of the study conducted to identify the stock markets development and behavior measures such as all share price index,market capitalization,dividend yield,price to earnings ratio and shares traded equity.All of these variables were used to obtain a model to describe and predict performance of stock market over the time.The secondary data from the CSE(Colombo Stock Exchange)is studied which the trend analysis was conducted for each series of data and results were used for the analysis.A statistical analysis was carried out to identify the measures of stock market depicts that all the measures of the stock market have influences on the stock market development except for the dividend yield,a useful fact in the process of decision making in many aspects.

“Waste-free Cities”Construction and Carbon Emission Reduction in China:Based on the Perspective of Circular Economy

Solid waste and carbon dioxide are important elements of environmental governance.Under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,the research on whether and how to promote the construction of“no waste cities”and carbon emission reduction is of great significance in China.The generation of solid waste and greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide has the same origin,which can be well coordinated to promote environmental governance.

Analysis of Renewable Energy Research Hotspots and Trends Based on Bibliometric and Patent Survey

In recent years,renewable energy has taken on an increasingly important role as a result of the depletion of traditional fossil fuels and the pressure of climate change.Due to the advantages of clean energy production and wide availability,research on renewable energy has increased worldwide.We collected data from the Web of Science and the Derwent Innovations Index to analyze research trends in the field of renewable energy.It was found that the number of research achievements in this field has developed rapidly worldwide since 2005.The United States ranks first in the quantity and quality of literature and fourth in the number of authorized patents.China ranks second and first regarding the quantity of literature and authorized patents,respectively.Biomass energy,wind energy,and solar energy are trending research topics in various stages of development.China has maintained close cooperation with the United States,the United Kingdom,Australia,and other countries.

Beyond Conventional Sovereign Debt Instruments:Issuance of GDP-linked Bonds in OECD Countries?

Debt-to-GDP measures in major OECD countries are at historical highs and a considerable part of sovereign debt needs to be refinanced soon,while projections of real GDP growth are fairly weak and uncertain and assessed sovereign credit quality has declined.Against this,the OECD Committee on Financial Markets discussed proposals for sovereign debt managers to consider issuing GDP-linked sovereign bonds.The Committee considered proposals timely and the idea conceptually attractive,as additional insurance against economic downturns over the medium term would be available.It identified however also a number of issues that would complicate issuance in practise.Questions arise in particular as regards investor demand for such instruments and how an additional novelty,liquidity and indexation premium would compare to a potentially reduced default premium on more traditional debt.Debt management offices confirm and stress such practical difficulties and remain sceptical,quoting a lack of sustainable demand for such bonds.As a result,issuance of such bonds would be too costly.It is not clear however whether debt management offices take into account the full macroeconomic and financial stability risk-return trade-off that a broader perspective would take into account.Proposals for issuance of sovereign GDP-linked bonds among advanced economies,which had received increased attention after the German G20-presidency included the topic in the G20 finance track,may have lost some momentum,but there continues to be considerable support from both academics and some practitioners.

Importance of Balance Sheet Composition in Stress Test Estimates

The stress tests are based on macroeconomic variables for the estimations of the results.However,there are other factors that may influence them.This paper studies the influence of the balance sheet structure in the NPL and the loss caused by the NPL using econometric models.The objective is to research how they affect the aggregates in the balance sheet to the delay in payment and the the provision for impairment,distinguishing these effects according to the economic cycle,so that can be applied to the stress test.The results show that the Balance sheet structure is important in delinquency and losses caused by it,especially in respect of stockholders'funds,ECB resources and the account Non-current assets held for sale.It also highlights the influence of the economic cycle and the different behavior of the NPL and the losses due to default with respect to the same explanatory variables.

A Study on Brand Personality of Coastal Tourism Destinations:Text Mining Approach

As the core element of the brand,brand personality is closely related to the personality of tourists.Unique and distinctive brand personality has become an important means for tourism destinations to enhance their core competitiveness.Through text analysis,the content of the online review content of three coastal tourist destinations in Yalong Bay,Silver Beach,and Gulangyu Islet were analyzed.The brand personality of coastal tourist destinations was identified from the perspective of tourist perception,and the selected 3 coastal tourist destinations were identified by correspondence analysis.Comparative analysis on a case-by-case basis.The research results show that the brand personality of coastal tourism destinations perceived by tourists is mainly concentrated in the two dimensions of“elegance”and“benevolence”,but different coastal tourism destinations have their own distinct and unique brand personalities.On this basis,directional suggestions for the development of brand personality in coastal tourism destinations are given.

Discussion on the Influence of Overseas Financial Institutions’ Participation in Shares on the Operation Efficiency of China’s Banking Industry

With the implementation of China’s reform and opening up policy and China’s successful accession to the World Trade Organization,more and more overseas financial institutions are participating in various Chinese banks,and the amount of investment is also expanding.Therefore,it is particularly important to study the impact of overseas financial institutions participating in the Chinese Banks on the operating efficiency of the China’s banking industry.Therefore,based on the previous literature research,this paper constructs six models to explore whether foreign financial institutions participate in shares and the impact of shareholding ratio on the operating efficiency of China’s banking industry.

Economic Model of Microtransactions in Video Games

Microtransactions denote a payment made for purchase of mobile phone application or additional content in video games.The basic revenue principle for publisher was to sell the entire content at once,with the buyer having to pay the game as a whole.Trends from mobile applications and mobile games market have slowly transferred to PC games and console video games.About one half of total revenue of big video games publishers comes from microtransactions.The topics of this paper are the economic effects of microtransactions on video game industry business model.The scope of microtransactions and different implementing procedures will be discused in paper.The goal is to determine the change of the position of all stakeholders involved in the process of creating and publishing video games.

A New“Consumption-production”Market Model

Based on the long tail model,this paper assumes a new form of mutual change between producers and consumers and obtains a consumption and production economic model adapted to the modern market economy,and carries out practical verification of the model.The conclusion is that the main body of the future market economy will change from producers to consumers.

Value Finance Theory

With the development of digital economy, metaverse and blockchain, the inherent economic form changes. In the era of digital economy, changes in value have new characteristics. This paper uses the method of political economy to analyze and demonstrate the composition of value. Then it analyzes the economic reasons for the economic depression, insufficient consumption power and unsalable commodities in the digital economy period. And the article gives a specific solution. It has specific application value for all countries to deal with and pass through the economic depression. It has a theoretical guiding role in the stable development of macro economy in the digital economy period.

The Combined Effects of Public and Private Investments on Economic Growth in the CEMAC Zone

This study evaluates the simultaneous impact of public and private investments on economic growth in the CEMAC zone between 1984 and 2017.To attain this aim,we use the Vector Error Correction Model(VECM)to test the direction of causality between the three variables above at the level of each country.We find that the direction of causality is not the same in all the countries both in the short as in long-run.We then develop an ideal model going from the Cobb Douglas production function which we quantitatively validate using panel data estimation through the method of Pool Mean Group which takes into account individual specificities.It arises that contrary to economic theory,private sector investments have positive and significant effects in short-run.However,the impact of public investments is negative and significant.In the long-run,the effects are reversed and call on the authorities of the CEMAC zone to reinforce the political risk to strengthen the public-private partnership in the process of sustainable growth.