Lymph Diseases Prediction Using Random Forest and Particle Swarm Optimization

This research aims to develop a model to enhance lymphatic diseases diagnosis by the use of random forest ensemble machine-learning method trained with a simple sampling scheme. This study has been carried out in two major phases: feature selection and classification. In the first stage, a number of discriminative features out of 18 were selected using PSO and several feature selection techniques to reduce the features dimension. In the second stage, we applied the random forest ensemble classification scheme to diagnose lymphatic diseases. While making experiments with the selected features, we used original and resampled distributions of the dataset to train random forest classifier. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a remark-able improvement in classification accuracy rate.

Application of the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System for Optimal Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams

Using a genetic algorithm owing to high nonlinearity of constraints, this paper first works on the optimal design of two-span continuous singly reinforced concrete beams. Given conditions are the span, dead and live loads, compressive strength of concrete and yield strength of steel;design variables are the width and effective depth of the continuous beam and steel ratios for positive and negative moments. The constraints are built based on the ACI Building Code by considering the strength requirements of shear and the maximum positive and negative moments, the development length of flexural reinforcement, and the serviceability requirement of deflection. The objective function is to minimize the total cost of steel and concrete. The optimal data found from the genetic algorithm are divided into three groups: the training set, the checking set and the testing set for the use of the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The input vector of ANFIS consists of the yield strength of steel, compressive strength of concrete, dead load, span, width and effective depth of the beam;its outputs are the minimum total cost and optimal steel ratios for positive and negative moments. To make ANFIS more efficient, the technique of Subtractive Clustering is applied to group the data to help streamline the fuzzy rules. Numerical results show that the performance of ANFIS is excellent, with correlation coefficients between the three targets and outputs of the testing data being greater than 0.99.

A KNN Undersampling Approach for Data Balancing

In supervised learning, the imbalanced number of instances among the classes in a dataset can make the algorithms to classify one instance from the minority class as one from the majority class. With the aim to solve this problem, the KNN algorithm provides a basis to other balancing methods. These balancing methods are revisited in this work, and a new and simple approach of KNN undersampling is proposed. The experiments demonstrated that the KNN undersampling method outperformed other sampling methods. The proposed method also outperformed the results of other studies, and indicates that the simplicity of KNN can be used as a base for efficient algorithms in machine learning and knowledge discovery.

Evolutive Neural Net Fuzzy Filtering: Basic Description

The paper describes the operation principles of the evolutive neuro fuzzy filtering (ENFF) properties, which based on back propagation fuzzy neural net, this filter adaptively choose and emit a decision according with the reference signal changes of an external reference process, in order to actualize the best correct new conditions updating a process. This neural net fuzzy filter mechanism selects the best parameter values into the knowledge base (KB), to update the filter weights giving a good enough answers in accordance with the reference signal in natural sense. The filter architecture includes a decision making stage using an inference into its structure to deduce the filter decisions in accordance with the previous and actual filter answer in order to updates the new decision with respect to the new reference system con-ditions. The filtering process states require that bound into its own time limit as real time system, considering the Ny-quist and Shannon criteria. The characterization of the membership functions builds the knowledge base in probabilis-tic sense with respect to the rules set inference to describe the reference system and deduce the new filter decision, per-forming the ENFF answers. Moreover, the paper describes schematically the neural net architecture and the deci-sion-making stages in order to integrate them into the filter architecture as intelligent system. The results expressed in formal sense use the concepts into the paper references with a simulation of the ENFF into a Kalman filter structure using the Matlab? tool.

Disparity in Intelligent Classification of Data Sets Due to Dominant Pattern Effect (DPE)

A hypothesis of the existence of dominant pattern that may affect the performance of a neural based pattern recognition system and its operation in terms of correct and accurate classification, pruning and optimization is assumed, presented, tested and proved to be correct. Two sets of data subjected to the same ranking process using four main features are used to train a neural network engine separately and jointly. Data transformation and statistical pre-processing are carried out on the datasets before inserting them into the specifically designed multi-layer neural network employing Weight Elimination Algorithm with Back Propagation (WEA-BP). The dynamics of classification and weight elimination process is correlated and used to prove the dominance of one dataset. The presented results proved that one dataset acted aggressively towards the system and displaced the first dataset making its classification almost impossible. Such modulation to the relationships among the selected features of the affected dataset resulted in a mutated pattern and subsequent re-arrangement in the data set ranking of its members.

Simulation Model Using Meta Heuristic Algorithms for Achieving Optimal Arrangement of Storage Bins in a Sawmill Yard

Bin planning (arrangements) is a key factor in the timber industry. Improper planning of the storage bins may lead to inefficient transportation of resources, which threaten the overall efficiency and thereby limit the profit margins of sawmills. To address this challenge, a simulation model has been developed. However, as numerous alternatives are available for arranging bins, simulating all possibilities will take an enormous amount of time and it is computationally infeasible. A discrete-event simulation model incorporating meta-heuristic algorithms has therefore been investigated in this study. Preliminary investigations indicate that the results achieved by GA based simulation model are promising and better than the other meta-heuristic algorithm. Further, a sensitivity analysis has been done on the GA based optimal arrangement which contributes to gaining insights and knowledge about the real system that ultimately leads to improved and enhanced efficiency in sawmill yards. It is expected that the results achieved in the work will support timber industries in making optimal decisions with respect to arrangement of storage bins in a sawmill yard.

SOMS: A Subway Operation and Maintenance System Based on Planned Maintenance Model with Train State

This paper aims to propose a modeling framework for subway operation and maintenance system (SOMS), which analyzes the train condition data based on both train sensor network data and basis train maintenance plan. The system is formulated into five function modules, and the research problem is to determine one auxiliary maintains plan, including the time allocation and frequency of maintenance. The case of Guangzhou metro is conducted to illustrate the applicability of SOMS, and the results reveal a number of interesting insights into subway maintenance system, i.e., the worksheet can reduce duplication of redundant maintenance work, the repair cost, and the damage caused by frequent disassembly.

Face Representation Using Combined Method of Gabor Filters, Wavelet Transformation and DCV and Recognition Using RBF

An efficient face representation is a vital step for a successful face recognition system. Gabor features are known to be effective for face recognition. The Gabor features extracted by Gabor filters have large dimensionality. The feature of wavelet transformation is feature reduction. Hence, the large dimensional Gabor features are reduced by wavelet transformation. The discriminative common vectors are obtained using the within-class scatter matrix method to get a feature representation of face images with enhanced discrimination and are classified using radial basis function network. The proposed system is validated using three face databases such as ORL, The Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE) and Essex Face database. Experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the number of features, minimizes the computational complexity and yielded the better recognition rates.

Feature Selection for Time Series Modeling

In machine learning, selecting useful features and rejecting redundant features is the prerequisite for better modeling and prediction. In this paper, we first study representative feature selection methods based on correlation analysis, and demonstrate that they do not work well for time series though they can work well for static systems. Then, theoretical analysis for linear time series is carried out to show why they fail. Based on these observations, we propose a new correlation-based feature selection method. Our main idea is that the features highly correlated with progressive response while lowly correlated with other features should be selected, and for groups of selected features with similar residuals, the one with a smaller number of features should be selected. For linear and nonlinear time series, the proposed method yields high accuracy in both feature selection and feature rejection.

Wisdom of Artificial Crowds—A Metaheuristic Algorithm for Optimization

Finding optimal solutions to NP-Hard problems requires exponential time with respect to the size of the problem. Consequently, heuristic methods are usually utilized to obtain approximate solutions to problems of such difficulty. In this paper, a novel swarm-based nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for optimization is proposed. Inspired by human collective intelligence, Wisdom of Artificial Crowds (WoAC) algorithm relies on a group of simulated intelligent agents to arrive at independent solutions aggregated to produce a solution which in many cases is superior to individual solutions of all participating agents. We illustrate superior performance of WoAC by comparing it against another bio-inspired approach, the Genetic Algorithm, on one of the classical NP-Hard problems, the Travelling Salesperson Problem. On average a 3% - 10% improvement in quality of solutions is observed with little computational overhead.

Hybrid Intelligent Modeling for Optimizing Welding Process Parameters for Reduced Activation Ferritic-Martensitic (RAFM) Steel

Reduced-activated ferritic-martensitic steels are being considered for use in fusion energy reactor and subsequent fusion power reactor applications. Typically, those reduced activated steels can loose their radioactivity in approximately 100 years, compared to thousands of years for the non-reduced-activated steels. The commonly used welding process for fabricating this steel are electron-beam welding, and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. Therefore, Activated-flux tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) welding, a variant of TIG welding has been developed in-house to increase the depth of penetration in single pass welding. In structural materials produced by A-TIG welding process, weld bead width, depth of penetration and heat affected zone (HAZ) width play an important role in determining in mechanical properties and also the performance of the weld joints during service. To obtain the desired weld bead geometry, HAZ width and make a good weld joint, it becomes important to set up the welding process parameters. The current work attempts to develop independent models correlating the welding process parameters like current, voltage and torch speed with weld bead shape will bead shape parameters like depth of penetration, bead width, HAZ width using ANFIS. These models will be used to evaluate the objective function in the genetic algorithm. Then genetic algorithm is employed to determine the optimum A-TIG welding process parameters to obtain the desired weld bead shape parameters and HAZ width.

Chunk Parsing and Entity Relation Extracting to Chinese Text by Using Conditional Random Fields Model

Currently, large amounts of information exist in Web sites and various digital media. Most of them are in natural lan-guage. They are easy to be browsed, but difficult to be understood by computer. Chunk parsing and entity relation extracting is important work to understanding information semantic in natural language processing. Chunk analysis is a shallow parsing method, and entity relation extraction is used in establishing relationship between entities. Because full syntax parsing is complexity in Chinese text understanding, many researchers is more interesting in chunk analysis and relation extraction. Conditional random fields (CRFs) model is the valid probabilistic model to segment and label sequence data. This paper models chunk and entity relation problems in Chinese text. By transforming them into label solution we can use CRFs to realize the chunk analysis and entities relation extraction.

Optimization of Intraday Trading Strategy Based on ACD Rules and Pivot Point System in Chinese Market

Various trading strategies are applied in intraday high-frequency market to provide investors with reference signals to be on the right side of market at the right time. In this paper, we apply a trading strategy based on the combination of ACD rules and pivot points system, which is first proposed by Mark B. Fisher, into Chinese market. This strategy has been used by millions of traders to achieve substantial profits in the last two decades, however, discussions concerning on the methods of calculating specific entry point in this trading strategy are rare, which is crucial to this strategy. We suggest an improvement to this popular strategy, providing the calculating and optimizing methods in detail to verify its effectiveness in recent Chinese futures market. Because of the high liquidity and low commissions in stock index futures market, this trading strategy achieves substantial profits .However, given the less liquidity in commodity futures market, profits decrease and even be neutralized by the relatively high commissions.

Clustering-Inverse: A Generalized Model for Pattern-Based Time Series Segmentation

Patterned-based time series segmentation (PTSS) is an important task for many time series data mining applications. In this paper, according to the characteristics of PTSS, a generalized model is proposed for PTSS. First, a new inter-pretation for PTSS is given by comparing this problem with the prototype-based clustering (PC). Then, a novel model, called clustering-inverse model (CI-model), is presented. Finally, two algorithms are presented to implement this model. Our experimental results on artificial and real-world time series demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are quite effective.

Function Approximation Using Robust Radial Basis Function Networks

Resistant training in radial basis function (RBF) networks is the topic of this paper. In this paper, one modification of Gauss-Newton training algorithm based on the theory of robust regression for dealing with outliers in the framework of function approximation, system identification and control is proposed. This modification combines the numerical ro- bustness of a particular class of non-quadratic estimators known as M-estimators in Statistics and dead-zone. The al- gorithms is tested on some examples, and the results show that the proposed algorithm not only eliminates the influence of the outliers but has better convergence rate then the standard Gauss-Newton algorithm.

Hybrid Methodology for Structural Health Monitoring Based on Immune Algorithms and Symbolic Time Series Analysis

This hybrid methodology for structural health monitoring (SHM) is based on immune algorithms (IAs) and symbolic time series analysis (STSA). Real-valued negative selection (RNS) is used to detect damage detection and adaptive immune clonal selection algorithm (AICSA) is used to localize and quantify the damage. Data symbolization by using STSA alleviates the effects of harmful noise in raw acceleration data. This paper explains the mathematical basis of STSA and the procedure of the hybrid methodology. It also describes the results of an simulation experiment on a five-story shear frame structure that indicated the hybrid strategy can efficiently and precisely detect, localize and quantify damage to civil engineering structures in the presence of measurement noise.

Type-2 Fuzzy Extended Kalman Filter for Dynamic Security Monitoring Based on Novel Sensor Fusion

In this paper, we have focused on several relevant sensors [Laser (for speed measurements), Sonar (for space scanning) and RF (for access rights)] to cooperate in monitoring the security status of multiple dynamic agent in surveillance area. Such coordination is achieved by employing novel concepts of sensors similarity and complementarity. Furthermore, this system is aided with Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) in order to estimate the agent’s non-linear movement. Finally, transforms system state to be able to make a security suspiciousness decision by using type-2 fuzzy logic system to handle uncertainty. It is shown that the system performance can exhibit promising improvements for this dynamic security monitoring application.

Machine Learning Algorithms and Their Application to Ore Reserve Estimation of Sparse and Imprecise Data

Traditional geostatistical estimation techniques have been used predominantly by the mining industry for ore reserve estimation. Determination of mineral reserve has posed considerable challenge to mining engineers due to the geological complexities of ore body formation. Extensive research over the years has resulted in the development of several state-of-the-art methods for predictive spatial mapping, which could be used for ore reserve estimation;and recent advances in the use of machine learning algorithms (MLA) have provided a new approach for solving the prob-lem of ore reserve estimation. The focus of the present study was on the use of two MLA for estimating ore reserve: namely, neural networks (NN) and support vector machines (SVM). Application of MLA and the various issues involved with using them for reserve estimation have been elaborated with the help of a complex drill-hole dataset that exhibits the typical properties of sparseness and impreciseness that might be associated with a mining dataset. To investigate the accuracy and applicability of MLA for ore reserve estimation, the generalization ability of NN and SVM was compared with the geostatistical ordinary kriging (OK) method.

Personalized Health Monitoring Systems: Integrating Wearable and AI

The integration of wearable technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized healthcare, enabling advanced personal health monitoring systems. This article explores the transformative impact of wearable technologies and AI on healthcare, highlighting the development and theoretical application of the Integrated Personal Health Monitoring System (IPHMS). By integrating data from various wearable devices, such as smartphones, Apple Watches, and Oura Rings, the IPHMS framework aims to revolutionize personal health monitoring through real-time alerts, comprehensive tracking, and personalized insights. Despite its potential, the practical implementation faces challenges, including data privacy, system interoperability, and scalability. The evolution of healthcare technology from traditional methods to AI-enhanced wearables underscores a significant advancement towards personalized care, necessitating further research and innovation to address existing limitations and fully realize the benefits of such integrated health monitoring systems.

A Novel Fuzzy Membership Partitioning for Improved Voting in Fault Tolerant System

This paper presents a novel technique for improved voting by adaptively varying the membership boundaries of a fuzzy voter to achieve realistic consensus among inputs of redundant modules of a fault tolerant system. We demonstrate that suggested dynamic membership partitioning minimizes the number of occurrences of incorrect outputs of a voter as compared to the fixed membership partitioning voter implementations. Simulation results for the proposed voter for Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) fault tolerant system indicate that our algorithm shows better safety and availability performance as compared to the existing one. However, our voter design is general and thus it can be potentially useful for improving safety and availability of critical fault tolerant systems.